Ma ka Pōʻalima (ʻAukake 12), i ka manawa kūloko, ua hōʻike ka US Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) i ka Federal Register i kahi kānāwai hope loa e pili ana i nā palena hoʻokuʻu aku e kaupalena ana.ka hoʻolālā o GAAFET (Full Gate Field Effect Transistor). ) EDA/ECAD lako polokalamu pono no ka hana kaapuni hui; nā mea semiconductor ultra-wide bandgap i hōʻike ʻia e ke daimana a me ka gallium oxide; ʻehā ʻenehana e like me ka pressure gain combustion (PGC) i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻenekini turbine kinoea e hoʻokō i nā mana hoʻokuʻu hou, ʻo ka lā kūpono o ka pāpā ʻana i kēia lā (ʻAukake 15).
Ma waena o nā ʻenehana ʻehā, ʻo EDA ka mea ʻoi loa ka nānā ʻana, i unuhi ʻia e ka mākeke e like me ke kaohi hou ʻana i ka ʻoihana chip a Kina e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma hope o ka "Chip and Science Act", e pili pono ana i nā hui kūloko e hoʻolālā ana i ka 3nm a ʻoi aku ka holomua. huahana chip.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻolālā 3-nanometer ma Kina i kēia manawa, a ua kaupalena ʻia kona hopena pōkole.
Ma kahi o ke kaʻina hana 3nm, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka 800V wikiwiki
ʻO EDA (Electronics Design Automation) he automation hoʻolālā uila, he mea koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻolālā chip IC (integrated circuit). Aia ia i ka ʻoihana upstream o ka hana chip, e uhi ana i nā kaʻina hana āpau e like me ka hoʻolālā circuit circuit, wiring, hōʻoia a me ka simulation.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo EDA ka "makuahine o nā ʻāpana" i ka ʻoihana.
Ua hōʻike ʻo Tianfeng International Research Report inā hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hana ʻana i ka chip i ke kūkulu ʻana i hale, ʻo ka hoʻolālā IC he kiʻi hoʻolālā, a ʻo ka polokalamu EDA he mea hana hoʻolālā no nā kiʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka polokalamu EDA ma mua o ka polokalamu hoʻolālā hale.
ʻOi aku ka laulā o ka ECAD (Electronic Computer Aided Design software) ma mua o EDA, a ʻo ka pāpā ʻana, ua uhi ʻia nā polokalamu pili āpau.Wahi a ka US Department of Commerce, ʻo ECAD kahi papa o nā lako polokalamu i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ka nānā ʻana, ka loiloi a hōʻoia i ka hana o kahi kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia a i ʻole ka papa kaapuni paʻi.Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā kaapuni hoʻohui paʻakikī i nā noi like ʻole i ka pūʻali koa, aerospace, a me nā ʻoihana pale.
ʻO ka ʻenehana transistor GAAFET kahi ʻenehana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā transistors FinFET (fin field effect transistors), hiki i ka ʻenehana FinFET ke hoʻokō i ka 3 nanometers, ʻoiai hiki i ka GAAFET ke hoʻokō i 2 nanometer.
ʻO kēia ke kolu o ka mana hoʻokuʻu aku i hoʻomaka ʻia e ʻAmelika e kūʻē iā Kina ma ke kahua o EDA.Ua kūʻē ka mea mua iā ZTE ma 2018 a ʻo ka lua e kūʻē iā Huawei i 2019.Ma waho aʻe o nā mea uila uila e like me Apple kelepona paʻa a me nā kamepiula, ʻo nā chips e hoʻohana ana i ke kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka mākeke, ʻo ia nā chips āpau me ka mana helu kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā GPU i hoʻohana ʻia no ka naʻauao hana, a me nā chips server i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kikowaena ʻikepili a me ka hoʻopili kapuaʻi. .
Ua ʻōlelo kekahi poʻe hoʻolālā chip he palena ka hopena pōkole o kēia ana mana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻolālā 3-nanometer ma Kina. Ke hoʻohana nei kekahi mau pahu AI a me nā pahu GPU i ka 7-nanometers, aʻo nā TV, nā pahu hoʻonohonoho-top, a me nā chips automotive-grade ka hapa nui o 28 nm. nanometer a i ʻole 16 nanometer.Manaʻo kekahi poʻeʻoihanaʻoihana e makemake anaʻoʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia e hana i ka'āina nui o Kinaʻaʻohe mea hana no ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe o 3 nanometers a ma lalo, a ua paʻa ka hoʻolālā ma 5 nanometers, a ua paʻa ka hanaʻana ma 7 nanometers.A laila, e hoʻonui ʻia ka mamao ma waena o Kina a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, AI artificial, etc.
I ka manaʻo o kahi kanaka chip, ʻo ke kumu nui e kāohi ai ʻo ʻAmelika iā EDA ʻo ia ke kāohi i ka hiki ke hana i nā chips home.
Ma waho aʻe o ka polokalamu EDA i kēia manawa, ua komo pū kekahi mau mea semiconductor: gallium oxide (Ga2O3) a me nā substrates daimana, ʻo ia mau mea ʻelua he ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor material.Manaʻo ʻia e hana ia mau mea ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, e like me nā volta kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mahana.
Ke kūkulu ʻia nei kēia mau mea a ʻaʻole i hana ʻia i ka ʻoihana nui, a ʻo ka ʻenehana ka mea nui i Iapana a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia i kēia mau mea no nā kaiapuni ʻoihana he nui e like me ka ikehu hou, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu grid, kamaʻilio, a pēlā aku, a no laila e lilo i mea koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi.
Ke lawe nei i nā kaʻa ikehu hou ma ke ʻano he laʻana, i kēia manawa, ʻo nā hui kaʻa ikehu hou e like me Xiaopeng Motors, BYD, Li Auto, a me BAIC Jihu ua hoʻopuka mua i ka 800V wikiwiki hoʻopiʻi ʻenehana, a e hana nui ʻia a puni kēia makahiki.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea mana i hana ʻia me ka gallium oxide i kēia mau ʻenehana hoʻouka wikiwiki.
Loaʻa "breakthrough" home EDA
"Inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā i kahi huahana chip 5-nanometer a hoʻohana i ka polokalamu EDA kiʻekiʻe o ka honua, hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ke kumukūʻai ma kahi o 40 miliona US kālā, akā me ka ʻole o ke kākoʻo polokalamu EDA, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi chip 5-nanometer. 7.7 biliona kālā ʻAmelika. ʻO ke kālā US kahi kokoke i kahi āpau o 200 mau manawa. " Ua helu ʻia kahi moʻokāki ka mea kūpono e mālama ana i kahi hui polokalamu CAD (kamepiula-aided design).
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mākeke mākeke honua o ka ʻoihana EDA. ʻO nā kānaka nunui EDA ʻekolu ʻo Synopsys (Synopsys), Cadence (Kedence Electronics), a me Mentor Graphics (Mentor International, i loaʻa iā Siemens ma Kelemānia ma 2016) paʻa paʻa ma mua o 70% o ka mākeke honua. māhele mākeke, a hiki ke hāʻawi i nā mea hana EDA piha, e uhi ana i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka hapa nui o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻolālā kaapuni hoʻohui a me ka hana ʻana.
Loaʻa i nā hui ʻekolu ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī i nā huahana, a ʻokoʻa loa ka manaʻo a me nā pono o IP (waiwai naʻauao). Loaʻa kā lākou huahana i ka māhele mākeke o 85% ma Kina.Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻenehana kaʻina hana hoʻolālā 3-nanometer GAAFET i hoʻopau ʻia e Samsung i Iune i kēia makahiki me ke kōkua o Synopsys a me Cadence.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hui ʻelua e ANSYS, Silvaco, Aldec Inc, Huada Jiutian, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa ma nā kahua kikoʻī a ʻoi aku ka holomua o ka ʻenehana ma nā kahua kūloko.ʻO nā hui i ke kolu o ka echelon e komo pū me Altium, Concept Engineering, Introduction Electronics, Guangliwei, Sierxin, DownStream Technologies, a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
Ke hoʻohana mau nei ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana hoʻolālā chip home i nā polokalamu ʻoihana EDA i lawe ʻia mai e hoʻolālā i nā chips. I ka makahiki 1993, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Huada Jiutian i ka polokalamu EDA kūloko mua - ʻōnaehana Panda ICCAD, i loaʻa i kahi holomua ma ka EDA kūloko mai 0 a 1.I ka makahiki 2020, ma ka mākeke EDA o Kina, ma ke ʻano o ka loaʻa kālā, ʻo Huada Jiutian ka helu ʻehā.
Ma ka lā 29 o Iulai, ua pae kūhelu ʻo Huada Jiutian ma ka Growth Enterprise Market, me ka piʻi ʻana o 126% ma ka lā mua o ka papa inoa ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka waiwai o kāna mākeke ma mua o 40 biliona yuan.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Huada Jiutian ma ka prospectus e hiki i ka hapa nui o kāna hoʻolālā kikohoʻe hoʻolālā EDA ke kākoʻo i ke kaʻina hana 5-nanometer; Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Gelun Electronics i kāna hōʻike makahiki e hiki i kekahi mau mea hana ke kākoʻo i nā kaʻina hana 7-nanometer, 5-nanometer, a me 3-nanometer.
ʻO ka loaʻa kālā o Huada Jiutian i ka makahiki 2021 he 580 miliona yuan, a ʻo ka loaʻa kālā o Gailun Electronics ma lalo o 200 miliona yuan.He 26 biliona yuan ka loaʻa kālā o ka honua No. 1 Synopsys a me ka loaʻa kālā ma mua o 5 biliona yuan.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Tianfeng International Research Report he mea nui ka localization. Aia ma kahi o 40 mau ʻāpana i loko o ke kaulahao mea hana EDA. Ua loaʻa i nā pilikua ʻekolu i ka uhi ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ke alakaʻi kūloko ʻo Huada Jiutian i kēia manawa he 40%. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻO nā huahana o nā mea hana EDA kūloko ka hapa nui o nā mea hana kiko.
Wahi a nā helu helu, aia ma kahi o 100 mau hui mea hana hoʻolālā ma Kina.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo EDA i nā mea hana hoʻolālā chip analog a me nā mea hana hoʻolālā chip digital.Ua hoʻoponopono kekahi mau ʻoihana kūloko i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā chips analog.ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā mea hana hoʻolālā no nā chips digital. Ma kahi o 120 "mea hana kiko" e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻolālā, a hana ʻia ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma kēlā me kēia mea hana kiko.
Aia ka manaʻo no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ke ala wale nō e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka polokalamu EDA home ʻo ia ka hoʻomaikaʻi wikiwiki ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lako polokalamu EDA home, a pono e hui pū nā ʻoihana kūloko, a ʻo Huawei HiSilicon a me nā kulanui kūloko e komo pū. i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kuikahi no ka hoʻomohala hui.Me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka noi no nā chips home, ʻaʻole loaʻa ka EDA kūloko i nā manawa kūpono i ka mākeke o ka mea kūʻai aku.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-15-2022