Ua hoʻolaha wale ʻo Tesla ʻo ka hanauna hou o nā kaʻa magnet paʻa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma kā lākou mau kaʻa uila, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohana i nā mea honua loa!
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo Tesla: Hoʻopau loa ʻia nā mākēneki mau loa
He oiaio anei keia?
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka makahiki 2018, ua lako ʻia ka 93% o nā kaʻa uila o ka honua me kahi kaʻa uila i alakaʻi ʻia e kahi kaʻa magnet paʻa i hana ʻia i nā honua laha. I 2020, 77% o ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa honua e hoʻohana i nā kaʻa magnet mau loa. Manaʻo ka poʻe nānā i ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila ʻoiai ua lilo ʻo Kina i hoʻokahi o nā mākeke kaʻa uila nui loa, a ua hoʻomalu nui ʻo Kina i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā honua laha, ʻaʻole paha e hoʻololi ʻo Kina mai nā mīkini magnet mau. Akā he aha ke kūlana o Tesla a pehea kona manaʻo e pili ana iā ia? I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻohana ʻo Tesla i ka mīkini paʻa paʻa paʻa synchronous no ka manawa mua i ka Model 3, ʻoiai e paʻa ana i ka mīkini induction ma ke axle mua. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻo Tesla i ʻelua ʻano kaʻa i loko o kāna Model S a me X kaʻa uila, ʻo kekahi he kaʻa kaʻa mau loa ka honua a ʻo kekahi he kaʻa induction. Hiki i nā motika induction ke hāʻawi i ka mana hou aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā motika induction me nā magnet mau loa a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pae hoʻokele e 10%.
ʻO ke kumu o ka mīkini magnet mau loa Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana i kēia, pono mākou e haʻi i ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mīkini magnet permanente honua. Ua ʻike ka poʻe a pau e hoʻohua ana ka magnetism i ka uila a me ka uila e hoʻohua ai i ka magnetism, a ʻo ka hana ʻana o ke kaʻa kaʻa ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kahi māla magnetic. No laila, ʻelua mau ala e hāʻawi ai i kahi māla magnetic: excitation a me ka magnet mau. ʻO nā kaʻa DC, nā kaʻa kaʻa synchronous a me nā mīkini kūikawā liʻiliʻi he nui e koi i kahi kahua magnet DC. ʻO ke ʻano kuʻuna, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka coil energized (i kapa ʻia he pole magnetic) me ke kumu hao no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi māla magnetic, akā ʻo ka pōʻino nui loa o kēia ʻano ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu i kēia manawa i ke kūʻē ʻana o ka coil (hanau wela), a laila e hōʻemi ai. ka pono kaʻa kaʻa a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hana. I kēia manawa, noʻonoʻo ka poʻe - inā loaʻa kahi kahua magnetic mau, a ʻaʻole hoʻohana hou ʻia ka uila no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka magnetism, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi waiwai o ka kaʻa. No laila a puni ka 1980s, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano mea magnet mau loa, a laila hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa, e hana ana i nā kaʻa magnet mau loa.
Lawe ʻo Rare earth permanent magnet motor i ke alakaʻi No laila he aha nā mea hiki ke hana i nā magnet mau loa? Manaʻo ka poʻe netizens hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano mea. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻehā ʻano nui o nā mea hoʻokalakupua e hiki ke hoʻohua i kahi māla mau loa, ʻo ia hoʻi: ceramic (ferrite), aluminum nickel cobalt (AlNiCo), samarium cobalt (SmCo) a me neodymium iron boron (NdFeB). Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻāpana magnet neodymium kūikawā me ka terbium a me ka dysprosium me nā mahana Curie kiʻekiʻe, e ʻae iā lākou e kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 200°C.
Ma mua o nā makahiki 1980, ʻo nā mea magnet paʻa ka nui o ka ferrite permanente magnets a me alnico permanent magnets, akā ʻaʻole ikaika loa ka paʻa ʻana o kēia mau mea, no laila ua nāwaliwali ke kahua magnetic. ʻAʻole ʻo ia wale nō, akā haʻahaʻa ka ikaika hoʻoikaika o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua mau magnets mau loa, a i ka manawa e hālāwai ai lākou i kahi kahua magnetic waho, maʻalahi lākou e hoʻopilikia ʻia a demagnetized, ka mea e kaohi ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kaʻa magnet mau loa. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i nā mea magnet honua rare. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea magnet honua i ʻelua ʻano o nā magnet mau loa: ka honua māmā a me ka honua kaumaha. Loaʻa nā mālama ʻāina laha ʻole honua ma kahi o 85% māmā laha ʻole a me 15% mau ʻāina laha ʻole. Hāʻawi ka mea hope i nā magneti helu kiʻekiʻe i kūpono no nā noi kaʻa he nui. Ma hope o nā makahiki 1980, ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka honua paʻa paʻa-NdFeB mau mākēneki mau loa. He kiʻekiʻe ke ola o ia mau mea, a me ka coercivity kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana ikehu, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā mahana Curie ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mīkini paʻa mau loa o ka honua i hana ʻia he nui nā pono, e like me ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻohe coil excitation, no laila ʻaʻohe nalowale o ka ikehu; ʻO ka pili magnetic permeability kokoke i ka mīkini ea, e hōʻemi ana i ka inductance kaʻa a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kumu mana. Ma muli o ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mana a me ka maikaʻi o nā ʻenekini paʻa mau loa o ka honua he nui nā ʻano hoʻolālā like ʻole o nā kaʻa kaʻa uila, a ʻo ka mea kaulana loa he mau kaʻa kaʻa mau loa. Makemake ʻo Tesla e hoʻopau ʻO ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā ʻāina laha o Kina?
Ua ʻike ka poʻe a pau e hāʻawi ana ʻo Kina i ka hapa nui o nā kumu waiwai o ka honua. Ua ʻike pū ʻo ʻAmelika i kēia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. ʻAʻole lākou makemake e kaohi ʻia e Kina i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā ʻāina rare. No laila, ma hope o ka noho ʻana o Biden i ke keʻena, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻonui i kona komo ʻana i ke kaulahao lako honua. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea nui o ka manaʻo hoʻolālā $2 trillion. ʻO MP Materials, ka mea i kūʻai aku i kahi koʻu i pani mua ʻia ma Kaleponi i ka makahiki 2017, ke hoʻoikaika nei e hoʻihoʻi i ke kaulahao lako o ka honua laha ʻole o ʻAmelika, me ka nānā ʻana i ka neodymium a me praseodymium, a ke manaʻo nei e lilo i mea hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ua loaʻa iā Lynas ke kālā kālā a ke aupuni no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi mea kanu hoʻoheheʻe honua ma Texas a loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻaelike hou no kahi hale hoʻokaʻawale honua nui ma Texas. ʻOiai ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, manaʻo ka poʻe o ka ʻoihana i ka wā pōkole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai, e hoʻomau ʻo Kina i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā honua laha, a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻAmelika ke hoʻoluliluli iki.
Ua ʻike paha ʻo Tesla i kēia, a noʻonoʻo lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā magnet mau loa ʻaʻole i hoʻohana i nā ʻāina laha ʻole e like me nā kaʻa. He manaʻo wiwo ʻole kēia, a he ʻakaʻaka paha, ʻaʻole mākou ʻike. Inā haʻalele ʻo Tesla i nā kaʻa kaʻa mau loa a hoʻi hou i nā kaʻa induction, ʻaʻole kēia ko lākou ʻano hana. A makemake ʻo Tesla e hoʻohana i nā ʻenekini paʻa mau, a haʻalele loa i nā mea hoʻokalakupua mau loa o ka honua, no laila aia ʻelua mau mea hiki: ʻo kekahi e loaʻa nā hopena hou i ka ceramic kumu (ferrite) a me AlNiCo mau magnets, ʻO ka lua, ʻo nā mea paʻa mau i hana ʻia. Hiki i nā mea ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopaʻa i ka hopena like me nā magnet mau loa. Inā ʻaʻole kēia ʻelua, e pāʻani paha ʻo Tesla me nā manaʻo. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Da Vukovich, ka pelekikena o Alliance LLC, "ma muli o nā ʻano o nā mea magnet honua, ʻaʻohe mea magnet e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i kā lākou hana ikaika kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi maoli i nā magnet earth rare”.
ʻAʻole paha e pāʻani ana ʻo Tesla me nā manaʻo a makemake maoli paha e hoʻopau i kona hilinaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka honua laha ʻole o Kina e pili ana i nā motika magnet mau loa, manaʻo ka mea hoʻoponopono he waiwai nui nā kumuwaiwai honua, a pono mākou e hoʻomohala iā lākou me ka noʻonoʻo, a e uku hou aku. nānā i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana. I ka manawa like, pono nā mea noiʻi e hoʻonui i kā lākou mau noiʻi noiʻi. ʻAʻole mākou e ʻōlelo inā maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Tesla, ma ka liʻiliʻi ua hāʻawi iā mākou i kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.
