I kēia manawa, KelemāniaUa hōʻike ʻia e ka media i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka pilikia ikehu,Hiki i Switzerland ke pāpā i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa uila koe wale no nā "huakaʻi pono loa".ʻO ia hoʻi, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kaʻa uila mai ka hele ʻana, a "ʻaʻole e hele ma ke alanui ke ʻole pono", ʻo ia ke kānalua ʻole he mea kaumaha loa i ka mākeke kaʻa uila Swiss, a lilo pū ʻo Switzerland i ʻāina mua ma ka honua. e kaohi i ka hoohana ana i na kaa uwila.
ʻAʻole hiki i kahi ʻāina hoʻomohala ke kūʻai aku i ka uila?I mua o ka pilikia o ka ikehu, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ia mau mea kilokilo.Ma mua, ua hoʻopuka ka ʻoihana mana Swiss i kahi leka e ʻōlelo ana e ʻike paha ka ʻāina i ka lawa ʻole o ka mana i ka hoʻoilo.I mea e ola maikaʻi ai i ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻopuka ʻo Switzerland i kahi palapala hoʻoholo no ka "kaohi a me ka pāpā ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu uila.” i ka hopena o Nowemapa, e pili ana i nā lula ma ke kahua kaʻahele.
Wahi a nā hōʻike, ʻaʻole ʻo Switzerland wale nō ka ʻāina e noʻonoʻo nei i nā palena o nā kaʻa uila. ʻO Kelemānia, aia nō hoʻi i loko o ka vortex o ka pilikia o ka ikehukau i nā kapu i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ke kaʻa uila.
I ka wā koʻikoʻi ke hoʻokō nei nā ʻoihana kaʻa ʻEulopa i ka hoʻololi electrification, ʻo nā hana a Switzerland a me Kelemania he nūhou maikaʻi loa no ka mākeke kaʻa uila. ʻO ke kauoha "he neʻe kōkua ʻole.ʻO nā pahu kalapona ʻelua a me ka pilikia o ka ikehu ka mea nui loa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila ʻEulopa.
01
ʻAʻole lawa ka mana e hoʻopiʻi i nā kaʻa uila?
Ma hope o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o ke kiʻi o ka "banning uila kaʻa" ma Switzerland, kaHui kaʻa o Swissua hoike maopopo mai i kona kue ana.ma hope o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo hoʻolālā kūpono i ka mahina ʻo Dekemaba, e koho lākou i ka pāpā ʻana i nā kaʻa uila.
ʻO ka koi uila mai nā kaʻa uila ma Switzerland e helu no ka 0.4 pakeneka o ka nui o ka noi ma 2021, kahōʻike nā helu.Hōʻike kēia ratio ʻaʻole lawa ka palena ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa uila ma Switzerland e hoʻēmi i ka nele o ka lako mana. ʻO ka hoʻolālā mana o Switzerland e hoʻokō i kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ka pono ponoʻī inā makemake ka ʻāina e hoʻopau i ka nele o ka mana.
Ua nele ʻo Switzerland i ka ikehu mōʻalihaku a hilinaʻi nui i ka lawe ʻana mai, akā loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi loa i nā kumuwaiwai hydropower.Ma kahi kokoke i 60% o ka uila home mai ka hydropower, a ukali ʻia e ka mana nuklea, a laila ikehu lā, ikehu makani, a me ka ikehu biomass.Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana o ka mana ma lalo o ke koi, no laila pono ia e hilinaʻi i ka nui o ka mana o Farani a me Kelemania e hoʻopau ai i ke āpau o ka hiki ʻole o ka home.
Akā me ka hoʻopuka ʻana o kekahi mau mea kanu nuklea Farani a hiki i ko lākou pae haʻahaʻa i loko o kahi kokoke i 30 mau makahiki, ʻaʻole i kūpaʻa i ka makani a me ka mana o ka lā a me nā pilikia o ka mana ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana o ke kinoea pipeline Lūkia, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā Switzerland ke lawe mai i ka uila liʻiliʻi loa i kēia makahiki. .I kēia hihia, pono ʻo Switzerland e hana i nā kaʻa uila.
Wahi a ka ʻikepili 2019, ʻo ka ʻāpana me nā kalapona kiʻekiʻe loa ma Switzerland ʻo ia ka ʻoihana kaʻa, kahi kokoke i kahi hapakolu o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu, ukali ʻia e ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka ʻoihana.Mai ka makahiki 2012, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Switzerland "ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaʻa kaʻa hou i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma mua o ka awelika carbon dioxide emission koi", a ma ka "Energy Strategy 2050", ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka "hōʻemi ʻai a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono" i nā wahi e pili ana i ka halihali, a me ka Ua hoʻokumu pū ʻia ka Energy Conservation Coalition e paipai i nā hale a me nā ʻoihana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻomehana ʻana, hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai wela, hoʻopau i nā mea hana a me nā kukui, kālua a kuke i ka ikehu-pono…
Mai kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha e kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kaʻa uila i ka Swiss, ka mea ikaika loa.
02
Ke hana maikaʻi nei ka ʻoihana kaʻa uila ʻEulopa a me nā ʻoihana kaʻa ʻē aʻe o Kina?
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomau ka mākeke kaʻa uila ʻEulopa.I ka makahiki 2021, e piʻi ka nui o ke kūʻai aku o nā kaʻa uila ma ʻEulopa i ka 1.22 miliona, kahi piʻi o 63% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 746,000 i 2020, e helu ana no 29% o ka huina kūʻai honua o nā kaʻa uila., a ʻo ka lua nui loa ma ka honua ma hope o Kina. ʻO ka mākeke kaʻa uila nui ʻelua.
Ma kahi o 2021, ua hana nā ʻoihana kaʻa nui o ka honua i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka electrification. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ke kaomi ʻana o ka pahu kalapona pālua, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻāina ʻEulopa i ka nalu o ka manaʻo hoihoi hou, a ua lilo ʻo Kina i ʻelua kaʻa uila wela loa o ka honua. kekahi o na makeke.Ke hele nei nā hui kaʻa Kina i nā ʻāina ʻē a hiki i ʻEulopa, a ke kūʻai aku nei nā hui kaʻa ʻEulopa i nā kaʻa uila ma Kina, he mea ola loa.
Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka makahiki 2022, i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā mea paʻakikī e like me nā pilina kūloko, nā pōkole chip, a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai maka, ua hoʻomaka ka emi ʻana o ka mākeke kaʻa uila ʻEulopa. ʻAʻole wale nā kaʻa uila, akā ua hoʻomaka ka emi ʻana o ka mākeke kaʻa holoʻokoʻa.I ka hapa mua o kēia makahiki, ua hōʻea ka nui o nā kaʻa kaʻa ma ʻEulopa i ka 5.6 miliona, ma kahi o 14% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o nā kaʻa hou ma nā mākeke kaʻa nui e like me UK, Kelemānia, Italia, a me Palani i hāʻule ma mua o 10%.
ʻO ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa ʻenehana hou ua lilo mālie.Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA),ʻO ka nui o ke kūʻai aku o nā kaʻa ikehu hou ma Q1-Q3 ma EU he 986,000, 975,000, a me 936,000., a ua emi iho ka huina kuai holookoa.
ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ke ulu mau nei ka mākeke kaʻa uila o Kina.I nā hapaha mua ʻekolu o kēia makahiki, ua hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā kaʻa ikaika hou ma Kina i 4.567 miliona, he piʻi makahiki o 110%, e waiho ana i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika i ka lepo.
Me ka ulu ikaika o nā kaʻa ikehu hou o Kina, ua holomua nui nā kūʻai aku i waho.Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou o koʻu ʻāina i nā hapaha mua ʻekolu o 2022 he 389,000 mau ʻāpana, pālua i kēlā me kēia makahiki.A ʻoi aku ma mua o 90% o nā wahi hoʻokuʻu aku o nā kaʻa ikehu hou ʻo ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o Asia.
Ma mua,SAIC MG (MG)ua hele hohonu i ka ʻāina o ʻEulopa, a ma hope mai nā pūʻali koa hou e like meXiaopeng a meNIOkomo i ka mākeke Norewai,a oi akuKe hana nei nā ʻoihana home ma ʻEulopa.Eia naʻe, i ka hoʻoholo ʻana mai nā hana o kēia manawa a nā ʻāina ʻEulopa ma nā kaʻa uila, ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā huakaʻi o ka home i ʻEulopa. Ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka pilikia o ka ikehu ʻEulopa a ʻoi aku ka kūpono o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mana, e hoʻokipa wale ʻo ʻEulopa i nā hui kaʻa uila.
ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, aia nā hui kaʻa e like me Xiaopeng a me Weilai i kēia manawa i ka pae o ka ʻimi ʻoihana ma ʻEulopa, a ʻaʻole i holo piha, no laila hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he liʻiliʻi ka hopena.E like me ke kumu nui o ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki i nā kaʻa uila, inā he hui kaʻa ʻEulopa a i ʻole he hui Kina ma waho, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mākeke lua nui loa o ka honua.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-06-2022