1. Rarraba motocin DC
1. Motar DC mara nauyi:
Motar DC maras goge ita ce musanya stator da rotor na injin DC na yau da kullun.Na'urar jujjuyawar sa magana ce ta dindindin don samar da juzu'in tazarar iska: stator wani ɗamarar ɗamara ne kuma ya ƙunshi iska mai ɗaukar matakai da yawa.A cikin tsari, yana kama da injin maganadisu na dindindin.Tsarin injin stator na DC maras goga yayi daidai da na injin daidaitawa na yau da kullun ko injin induction. Ƙaƙƙarfan iska mai yawa (sau uku, huɗu, biyar, da dai sauransu) an haɗa su a cikin babban ƙarfe. Ana iya haɗa iska a cikin tauraro ko delta, kuma an haɗa su tare da bututun wutar lantarki na inverter ana haɗa su don tafiya mai ma'ana.Rotor galibi yana amfani da kayan ƙasa da ba kasafai ba tare da babban ƙarfi na tilastawa da kuma yawan ɗimbin yawa kamar samarium cobalt ko neodymium iron boron. Saboda matsayi daban-daban na kayan maganadisu a cikin sandunan maganadisu, ana iya raba shi zuwa sandunan maganadisu na sama, sandunan maganadisu da aka saka da igiyoyin maganadisu na zobe.Tunda jikin motar motar maganadisu ce ta dindindin, al'ada ce a kira motar DC maras goge wanda kuma ake kira da dindindin magnet brushless DC motor.
Motocin DC marasa gogewa an haɓaka su a cikin 'yan shekarun nan tare da haɓaka fasahar microprocessor da aikace-aikacen sabon wutar lantarkina'urorin da ke da babban mitar sauyawa da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da kuma inganta hanyoyin sarrafawa da kuma fitowar ƙananan farashi, kayan maganadisu na dindindin na dindindin. Wani sabon nau'in injin DC ya haɓaka.
Motocin DC marasa gogewa ba wai kawai suna kula da kyawawan ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin injin na DC na al'ada ba, har ma suna da fa'idodin ba tare da zamewar lamba da tartsatsin motsi ba, babban aminci, tsawon rayuwar sabis da ƙaramar amo, don haka ana amfani da su sosai a cikin sararin samaniya, kayan aikin injin CNC. , robots, motocin lantarki, da dai sauransu, kayan aikin kwamfuta da kayan aikin gida an yi amfani da su sosai.
Dangane da hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki daban-daban, za a iya raba motocin DC marasa goga zuwa nau'i biyu: murabba'in igiyar ruwa ba tare da DC Motors ba, wanda baya EMF waveform da kuma samar da waveform na yanzu duka raƙuman ruwa ne na rectangular, wanda kuma aka sani da rectangular wave dindindin magnet synchronous; Motar DC da aka goge, tsarinta na baya na EMF da kuma samar da yanayin motsi na yanzu duka raƙuman ruwa ne.
2. Motar DC da aka goge
(1) Magnet DC Motor na dindindin
Dindindin maganadisu DC motor division: rare duniya m magnet DC motor, ferrite m magnet DC motor da alnico m magnet DC motor.
① Rare duniya m magnet DC motor: Small a size da kuma mafi kyau a yi, amma tsada, yafi amfani a cikin sararin samaniya, kwakwalwa, downhole kida, da dai sauransu.
② Ferrite Magnetic Magnetic DC Motor: Jikin Magnetic Pole wanda aka yi da kayan ferrite yana da arha kuma yana da kyakkyawan aiki, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin kayan gida, motoci, kayan wasan yara, kayan aikin lantarki da sauran filayen.
③ Alnico Magnetic Magnetic DC Motar: Yana buƙatar cinye karafa masu tamani da yawa, kuma farashin yana da girma, amma yana da kyakkyawar daidaitawa zuwa babban zafin jiki. Ana amfani da shi a lokatai inda zafin yanayi ya yi girma ko kuma ana buƙatar kwanciyar hankali na injin.
(2) Electromagnetic DC Motor.
Electromagnetic DC motor division: jerin farin ciki DC motor, shunt m DC motor, daban m DC motor da fili m DC motor.
① Series m DC motor: A halin yanzu an haɗa a cikin jerin, shunted, da kuma filin iska da aka haɗa a cikin jerin tare da armature, don haka da Magnetic filin a cikin wannan mota canza muhimmanci tare da canji na armature halin yanzu.Domin kada a haifar da babbar hasara da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a cikin motsin motsa jiki, ƙananan juriya na motsin motsa jiki, mafi kyau, don haka motar motsa jiki na DC na yawanci rauni tare da waya mai kauri, kuma yawan jujjuyawar ya ragu.
② Shunt m DC motor: Filin iska na shunt m DC motor an haɗa shi a layi daya tare da iskar armature. A matsayin janareta na shunt, wutar lantarki ta ƙarshe daga motar kanta tana ba da wutar lantarki zuwa iska; a matsayin motar shunt, filin iska yana Raba wutar lantarki iri ɗayatare da armature , daidai yake da na'urar motsi na DC daban-daban dangane da aiki.
③ Motar DC mai ban sha'awa daban: Iskar filin ba ta da haɗin wutar lantarki tare da armature, kuma ana ba da da'irar filin ta wani wutar lantarki ta DC.Saboda haka wutar lantarki ta ƙarewar armature ko na yanzu ba ta da tasiri a halin yanzun filin.
④ Motar DC mai ban sha'awa mai haɗaɗɗiya: Motar DC mai haɗaɗɗiyar fili tana da iska guda biyu mai ban sha'awa, haɓakar shunt da haɓakar jerin abubuwa. Idan ƙarfin magnetomotive da aka haifar ta jerin iskar tashin hankali yana cikin shugabanci iri ɗaya da ƙarfin magnetomotive da aka samar ta shunt excitation winding, ana kiransa haɓakar fili na samfur.Idan kwatancen sojojin magnetomotive guda biyu sun saba, ana kiran shi tashin hankali daban-daban.
2. Ka'idar aiki na motar DC
Akwai magnet ɗin dindindin mai siffar zobe da aka gyara a cikin injin DC, kuma na yanzu yana wucewa ta cikin coil akan rotor don samar da ƙarfin ampere. Lokacin da na'ura a kan na'ura mai juyi ya kasance daidai da filin maganadisu, shugabanci na filin maganadisu zai canza lokacin da ya ci gaba da juyawa, don haka goga a ƙarshen rotor zai canza Faranti suna a madadin a lamba, don haka shugabanci na na yanzu akan nada kuma yana canzawa, kuma alkiblar ƙarfin Lorentz da aka haifar ya kasance baya canzawa, don haka motar zata iya ci gaba da juyawa ta hanya ɗaya.
Ka'idar aiki na janareta na DC shine canza ƙarfin wutar lantarki na AC da aka jawo a cikin coil ɗin armature zuwa ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC lokacin da aka fitar da shi daga ƙarshen goga ta mai isar da saƙon da tasirin goga.
Hanyar ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo ana ƙaddara bisa ga ka'idar hannun dama (layin filin maganadisu yana nuni zuwa tafin hannu, babban yatsan yatsa yana nuni zuwa yanayin motsi na jagorar, kuma alkiblar sauran yatsu huɗu shine. jagorar ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo a cikin madugu).
Hanyar da ƙarfin da ke aiki a kan madugu ya ƙayyade ta hanyar hannun hagu.Wannan nau'in ƙarfin lantarki guda biyu yana haifar da juzu'i da ke aiki a kan ƙwanƙwasa. Ana kiran wannan jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin injin lantarki mai juyawa. Hanyar jujjuyawa tana gaba da agogo baya, tana ƙoƙarin yin jujjuyawar agogon hannu.Idan wannan karfin wutar lantarki na lantarki zai iya shawo kan juriya da ke kan armature (kamar juriyar juriya da ke haifar da gogayya da sauran jujjuyawar lodi), makamin na iya jujjuyawa a kan agogo.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 18-2023