A wannan shekara, ban da MG (SAIC)da kuma Xpeng Motors, wandaAn fara sayar da su a Turai, duka NIO da BYD sun yi amfani da kasuwar Turai a matsayin babban jirgin ruwa.Babban ma'ana a bayyane yake:
●Manyan kasashen Turai Jamus, Faransa, Italiya da yawancin ƙasashen yammacin Turai suna da tallafi, kuma ƙasashen Nordic za su sami tallafin haraji bayan an ƙare tallafin. Irin waɗannan samfuran ana iya samun farashi mafi girma a Turai fiye da na China, kuma ana iya yin su a China kuma ana iya fitar da su zuwa Turai a farashi mai ƙima.
●Samfuran da kamfanonin kera motoci na Turai a China suka tallata, daga BBA zuwa Volkswagen, Toyota, Honda da kuma motocin Faransa, duk sun ga matsalar. Yawan maimaitawa yana jinkirin, farashin yana da girma, kuma akwai tazara tsakanin gasa da juyin halittarmu.
Hoto na 1. Siyar da kamfanonin motoci a Turai a 2022
Kuma kwanan nan, Shugaban ACEA kuma Shugaba na BMW Oliver Zipse ya yi wasu jawabai a wasu lokuta: "Domin tabbatar da dawowar ci gaba da kasuwa mafi girma a cikin tallace-tallace na motocin lantarki, Turai na bukatar gaggawa don kafa yanayin tsarin da ya dace, babban tsarin samar da kayayyaki na Turai. . Ƙarfafawa, Dokar Kayayyakin Raw Mahimmanci na EU don tabbatar da dabarun samun dama ga albarkatun da ake buƙata don motocin lantarki, da kuma hanzarta fitar da kayan aikin caji. Manyan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, irin su Brexit, cutar amai da gudawa, ƙwayar cuta ta coronavirus, ƙarancin samar da wutar lantarki da yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine, waɗannan abubuwan sun yi tasiri kan farashi da samar da makamashi, da sauri, zurfin da rashin tabbas wanda duniya ke ciki. canzawa. Wannan ya shafi musamman a cikin mahallin geopolitical, inda masana'antu da sarƙoƙi masu ƙima suke da tasiri kai tsaye."
Don sanya shi a sauƙaƙe, ƙuntatawa daban-daban na ka'idoji a Turai suna da babban tasiri ga ci gaban kamfanonin motoci na Turai. Haɗe tare da manufofi daban-daban, masana'antar kera motoci ta Turai tana cikin lokaci mara ƙarfi.ACEA ta sake fasalin hasashenta na farko cewa kasuwar motocin EU za ta dawo zuwa girma a cikin 2022, tana yin hasashen wani raguwa a wannan shekara, ƙasa da kashi 1% zuwa raka'a miliyan 9.6.Idan aka kwatanta da alkaluman shekarar 2019, siyar da motoci ta fadi da kashi 26% cikin shekaru uku kacal.
▲ Hoto na 2.Siyar da mota a Turai
Hasali ma, a lokacin da kamfanonin kera motoci na kasar Sin suka shiga Turai a wannan lokaci, ba su san adadin kudin da suke samu ta fuskar fa'idar tattalin arziki ba, amma kalubalen da ke fuskantar kasa zai yi yawa.Kuna samun biliyoyin kuɗi, kuma al'amuran geopolitical da aka kawo na iya buƙatar kimantawa a hankali. Wannan kadan ne kamar halin da kamfanonin kera motoci na Japan ke shiga kasuwar Amurka.Abin da ya kamata a lura shi ne, alaƙar da ke tsakanin yawan masu aikin yi da masana'antar kera motoci a Turai, da matsalolin tattalin arziki da na ZZ da suka biyo baya suna da asali iri ɗaya.
▲ Hoto na 3.Batun aikin yi suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da Siyasa a Turai
Kashi na 1
Juyin masana'antar kera motoci a duniya
Yayin da kasashe masu kera motoci ke fafatawa a kasuwa sabanin koma baya na raguwar bukatar ababen hawa a duniya, suna kara karfin amfani.Dukkanin gasar daga kayayyakin motoci zuwa gasar kasuwa ba makawa ne, kuma yana da sauki a yi gasa a kasuwannin cikin gida.
▲ Hoto na 4.Halin samar da motoci a duniya
Muna ganin babban kalubale musamman a Turai, inda kamar yadda kuke gani a kasa, samar da motoci na Turai ya ragu tsawon shekaru 4 a jere.
▲ Hoto na 5.Bayanin samar da motoci na Turai
A cikin 2021, EU za ta fitar da motocin fasinja miliyan 5.1, kuma motocin fasinja na EU suna cikin manyan wurare 10 na duniya.(Birtaniya, Amurka, China, Turkiyya, Ukraine, Switzerland, Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, Norway da kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya).
Sabanin tunanin kowa, adadin motocin da ake fitarwa daga Turai zuwa China ya kai 410,000 kawai a shekara.Yana iya faduwa a shekarar 2022. A karshe, hakki da muradun masana'antun kera motoci na Turai a kasar Sin, sun shafi zuba jari na cikin gida na kamfanonin kera motoci na Jamus, da kuma wasu motocin da ake shigo da su daga waje.
▲ Hoto na 6.Fitar da kamfanonin motoci na Turai
Bisa kididdigar da IHS ta fitar, daga watan Janairu zuwa Agustan shekarar 2022, sabbin motocin fasinja na makamashin da aka sayar a duniya ya kai raka'a miliyan 7.83, kuma sabbin motocin fasinjojin makamashi na kasar Sin sun kai kashi 38.6% na kasuwa; Turai ita ce kasuwa ta biyu mafi girma, tare da kaso na kasuwa na 27.2%.Daga cikin su, sayar da motocin fasinja zalla masu amfani da wutar lantarki a duniya ya kai raka'a miliyan 5.05, sannan motocin fasinja masu amfani da wutar lantarki na kasar Sin sun kai kashi 46.2%; Turai ita ce kasuwa ta biyu mafi girma a duniya, tare da kaso na kasuwa da kashi 21.8%.
Kashi na 2
Kamfanonin motoci na kasar Sin a Turai
Muna ganin cewa sabbin kamfanonin makamashi na kasar Sin har yanzu suna aiki sosai a Turai a wannan lokacin:
●A cikin rabin na biyu na shekara, BYD ya sanar da yin aiki tare da Hedin Mobility, babban rukunin dillalai a cikin masana'antar Turai, don samar da sabbin abubuwan hawa makamashi masu inganci don kasuwannin Sweden da Jamus.
●A farkon Oktoba, NIO ta gudanar da taron NIO Berlin 2022 a Berlin, a hukumance ta sanar da cewa za ta ɗauki sabon tsarin biyan kuɗi don samar da cikakken sabis na tsarin a Jamus, Netherlands, Denmark, da Sweden, da buɗe ET7, EL7 da ET5 uku NIO NT2 tsarin dandamali. Yin ajiya.
A zahiri, muna ganin samfuran China MG, Chase gami da Geely's Polestar duk ana siyar da su a Turai.Abinda na fahimta shine, idan kuna son mamaye kasuwa a Turai, yadda ake shiga yana da matukar muhimmanci.
Har ila yau, Turai ta fitar da ka'idojin baturi na EU, wanda ya shafi dukkan matakai na yanayin rayuwar baturi: daga samarwa da sarrafa albarkatun batir, amfani da kayan baturi, zuwa sake yin amfani da batura masu ƙarewa da ƙarshen rayuwa.Dangane da sabbin buƙatun da aka gabatar a cikin sabbin ƙa'idodi, kamfanoni suna buƙatar ɗaukar matakan kan lokaci a cikin haɓaka samfura, sayan albarkatun ƙasa da sarrafa sarkar samar da kayayyaki, da ƙirƙira da aiwatar da tsare-tsaren mayar da martani na matsakaici da na dogon lokaci.A haƙiƙa, wannan ƙa'idar batir za ta kawo ƙalubale da yawa ga sarkar darajar batir, musamman sabbin motocin makamashi da masu kera batir don shiga kasuwar EU.
▲ Hoto 7. Dokokin batir na Turai
Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai von der Leyen ya fada a watan Satumba cewa, EU na bukatar karfafa alaka da kasashe amintattu da yankuna masu ci gaba, da tabbatar da samar da sinadarin lithium da kasa da ba kasafai ake samun su ba, don fitar da sauye-sauye zuwa tattalin arzikin kore.Za ta yunƙura don amincewa da yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Chile, Mexico da New Zealand, kuma za ta ci gaba da yin shawarwari tare da abokan hulɗa irin su Australia da Indiya.Kungiyar EU na bukatar kaucewa dogaro da mai da iskar gas a sauye-sauyen tattalin arzikin kore, ta yi nuni da cewa a halin yanzu muna sarrafa kashi 90% na kasa da ba kasafai ba da kuma kashi 60% na lithium.Hukumar Tarayyar Turai za ta gabatar da sabbin dokoki, daDokokin Raw Materials na Turai, don gano yuwuwar ayyukan dabarun da gina tanadi a wuraren da ke cikin haɗarin wadata.Ko zai kasance kamar IRA a Amurka nan gaba, duk muna buƙatar tattaunawa.
▲ Hoto na 8.Duniya ta zama daban
Takaitawa: Don bayanin ku, Ina jin cewa hanyar da za ta haɓaka masana'antar tana cike da ƙaya kuma ba za a iya gaggawar ɗan lokaci ba.Akwai buƙatar samun cikakken ra'ayi game da matsalar.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-15-2022