Kwanan nan, rahoton na CCTV na "cajin sa'a daya da yin layi na awanni hudu" ya haifar da zazzafar muhawara. Rayuwar baturi da batutuwan cajin sabbin motocin makamashi sun sake zama batu mai zafi ga kowa da kowa. A halin yanzu, idan aka kwatanta da baturan lithium na ruwa na gargajiya, batir lithium masu ƙarfitare da aminci mafi girma, mafi girman ƙarfin kuzari, tsawon rayuwar batir, da fa'idodin aikace-aikace masu faɗiMasana masana'antu sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin alkiblar ci gaban baturan lithium na gaba. Kamfanoni kuma suna fafatawa don shimfidawa.
Ko da yake ba za a iya sayar da batirin lithium mai ƙarfi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, bincike da ci gaban fasahar batirin lithium mai ƙarfi ta manyan kamfanoni na samun sauri da sauri kwanan nan, kuma buƙatar kasuwa na iya haɓaka yawan samar da ƙarfi. baturin lithium na jihar gaba da jadawalin.Wannan labarin zai bincika ci gaban kasuwar batir lithium mai ƙarfi da tsarin shirya batir lithium mai ƙarfi, kuma zai ɗauke ku don bincika damar kasuwar sarrafa kansa da ke akwai.
Batirin lithium mai ƙarfi yana da mafi kyawun ƙarfin kuzari da kwanciyar hankali fiye da batir lithium na ruwa.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ci gaba da haɓakawa a cikin filin aikace-aikacen ƙasa ya sa gaba da buƙatu mafi girma ga masana'antar baturi na lithium, kuma fasahar baturi na lithium kuma an ci gaba da ingantawa, yana motsawa zuwa mafi girma na musamman makamashi da aminci.Ta fuskar ci gaban fasahar batirin lithium, yawan makamashin da batirin lithium na ruwa ke iya samu ya kusan kusan iyawarsa a hankali, kuma batir lithium masu ƙarfi ne kawai zai zama hanya ɗaya tilo ta haɓaka batirin lithium.
Dangane da “Taswirar Fasaha don Ajiye Makamashi da Sabbin Motocin Makamashi”, maƙasudin yawan kuzarin batirin wutar lantarki shine 400Wh/kg a cikin 2025 da 500Wh/kg a cikin 2030.Domin cimma burin shekarar 2030, hanyar fasahar batirin lithium mai ruwa da ake da ita ba za ta iya sauke nauyin ba. Yana da wahala a karya rufin ƙarfin kuzari na 350Wh/kg, amma ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin batirin lithium-jihar yana iya sauƙi wuce 350Wh/kg.
Sakamakon buƙatun kasuwa, ƙasar ta kuma ba da mahimmanci ga haɓaka batir lithium masu ƙarfi.A cikin "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" (Draft for Comment) wanda aka saki a watan Disamba 2019, an ba da shawarar ƙarfafa bincike da haɓakawa da masana'antu na batir lithium mai ƙarfi, da haɓaka batir lithium masu ƙarfi. zuwa matakin kasa, kamar yadda aka nuna a Table 1.
Tebura 1 Nazarin kwatancen baturan ruwa da batura masu ƙarfi
Ba don sababbin motocin makamashi kawai ba, masana'antar ajiyar makamashi tana da sararin aikace-aikace
Tasirin haɓaka manufofin ƙasa, saurin haɓaka sabbin masana'antar motocin makamashi zai samar da faffadan ci gaba ga batir lithium masu ƙarfi.Bugu da kari, ana kuma gane batir lithium masu ƙarfi duka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin fasaha masu tasowa waɗanda ake sa ran za su shiga cikin kuncin fasahar adana makamashin lantarki da kuma biyan buƙatun ci gaba na gaba.Dangane da ajiyar makamashin lantarki, batirin lithium a halin yanzu yana da kashi 80% na ajiyar makamashin lantarki.The tara shigar ikon electrochemical makamashi ajiya a cikin 2020 ne 3269.2MV, wani karuwa na 91% a kan 2019. Hade tare da kasar jagororin don ci gaban makamashi, da bukatar electrochemical makamashi ajiya a cikin mai amfani-gefe, sabunta makamashi grid-da alaka wurare da kuma ana sa ran sauran filayen za su kawo ci gaba cikin sauri, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 1.
Tallace-tallace da haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi daga Janairu zuwa Satumba 2021 Tarin ƙarfin da aka girka da haɓaka ƙimar ayyukan adana makamashin sinadarai a China daga 2014 zuwa 2020
Hoto 1 Siyarwa da haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi; tarin ƙarfin da aka girka da haɓaka ƙimar ayyukan ajiyar makamashin sinadarai a cikin Sin
Kamfanoni suna hanzarta aiwatar da bincike da ci gaba, kuma Sin gabaɗaya ta fi son tsarin oxide
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasuwannin babban birnin kasar, kamfanonin batir da manyan kamfanonin motoci, duk sun fara inganta tsarin bincike na batir lithium masu karfi, da fatan za su mamaye gasar a fasahar batir mai amfani da wutar lantarki mai zuwa.Koyaya, bisa ga ci gaban da ake samu a yanzu, zai ɗauki shekaru 5-10 kafin batir lithium mai ƙarfi duka ya zama balagagge a fannin kimiyya da fasahar kere kere kafin samarwa da yawa.Kamfanonin motoci na yau da kullun na duniya kamar Toyota, Volkswagen, BMW, Honda, Nissan, Hyundai, da dai sauransu suna ƙara saka hannun jarin R&D a fasahar batirin lithium mai ƙarfi; Dangane da kamfanonin batir, CATL, LG Chem, Panasonic, Samsung SDI, BYD, da dai sauransu su ma suna ci gaba da haɓaka .
Ana iya raba batir lithium mai ƙarfi duka-duka zuwa nau'i uku bisa ga kayan lantarki: Batir lithium mai ƙarfi na polymer, batir lithium mai ƙarfi sulfide, da batir lithium mai ƙarfi na oxide.Batirin lithium mai ƙarfi na polymer yana da kyakkyawan aikin aminci, baturin lithium mai ƙarfi na sulfide yana da sauƙin sarrafawa, kuma baturin lithium mai ƙarfi na oxide yana da mafi girman aiki.A halin yanzu, kamfanonin Turai da Amurka sun fi son tsarin oxide da polymer; Kamfanonin Japan da na Koriya da Toyota da Samsung ke jagoranta sun fi sha'awar tsarin sulfide; Kasar Sin tana da masu bincike a dukkan tsarin guda uku, kuma gaba daya sun fi son tsarin oxide, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 2.
Hoto 2 Tsarin samar da batir lithium masu ƙarfi na kamfanonin batir da manyan kamfanonin mota
Ta fuskar bincike da ci gaban ci gaba, an san Toyota a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a fagen samar da batir lithium mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙasashen waje. Toyota ya fara ba da shawarar ci gaba masu dacewa a cikin 2008 lokacin da ya haɗa kai da Ilika, farawar batirin lithium mai ƙarfi.A cikin watan Yunin 2020, motocin Toyota masu amfani da wutar lantarki masu dauke da batir lithium na jihohi sun riga sun yi gwajin tuki a kan hanyar gwajin.Yanzu ya kai matakin samun bayanan tukin abin hawa.A cikin Satumba 2021, Toyota ta sanar da cewa za ta zuba jarin dala biliyan 13.5 nan da shekarar 2030 don haɓaka batura masu zuwa da sarƙoƙin samar da baturi, gami da ƙaƙƙarfan baturan lithium na jiha.A cikin gida, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, Qingtao New Energy, da Ganfeng Lithium Masana'antu sun kafa ƙananan layukan samar da matukin jirgi don batir lithium masu ƙarfi a cikin 2019.A cikin Satumba 2021, Jiangsu Qingtao 368Wh/kg m baturin lithium mai ƙarfi ya wuce ƙaƙƙarfan takardar shaidar dubawa ta ƙasa, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Tebura 2.
Table 2 Tsare-tsaren samar da baturi mai ƙarfi na manyan kamfanoni
Tsari bincike na tushen oxide m-jihar baturi lithium, zafi latsa tsari ne sabon mahada
Ƙwarewar fasahar sarrafa kayan aiki da tsadar samarwa koyaushe suna iyakance haɓaka masana'antu na batura lithium masu ƙarfi. Canje-canjen tsarin batir lithium mai ƙarfi yana nunawa a cikin tsarin shirye-shiryen tantanin halitta, kuma wayoyinsu da na'urorin lantarki suna da buƙatu mafi girma don yanayin masana'anta, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 3.
Tebura 3 Tsara bincike na batir lithium mai ƙarfi na tushen oxide
1. Gabatarwa na kayan aiki na yau da kullum - lamination hot press
Gabatarwar aikin samfuri: Lamination hot press ana amfani da shi ne musamman a sashin aiwatar da kira na sel batirin lithium mai ƙarfi. Idan aka kwatanta da baturin lithium na gargajiya, tsarin danna zafi sabon hanyar haɗi ne, kuma hanyar haɗin allurar ruwa ta ɓace. mafi girma bukatun.
Tsarin samfur na atomatik:
• Kowane tashar yana buƙatar amfani da 3 ~ 4 axis servo Motors, waɗanda ake amfani da su don lamination lamination da gluing bi da bi;
• Yi amfani da HMI don nuna yawan zafin jiki na dumama, tsarin dumama yana buƙatar tsarin kula da PID, wanda ke buƙatar firikwensin zafin jiki mafi girma kuma yana buƙatar adadi mai yawa;
• PLC mai sarrafawa yana da buƙatu mafi girma akan daidaiton sarrafawa da ɗan gajeren lokacin sake zagayowar. A nan gaba, ya kamata a samar da wannan samfurin don cimma lamination mai zafi mai zafi mai sauri.
Masana'antun sun haɗa da: Xi'an Tiger Electromechanical Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Xuchong Automation Equipment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Haimuxing Laser Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., da Shenzhen Bangqi Chuangyuan Technology Co., Ltd.
2. Gabatar da kayan aiki na yau da kullun - na'urar simintin gyare-gyare
Gabatarwar aikin samfuri: Ana ba da slurry mai gauraya foda ga shugaban simintin ta hanyar na'urar tsarin ciyarwa ta atomatik, sannan a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar scraper, abin nadi, micro-concave da sauran hanyoyin shafi bisa ga buƙatun tsari, sannan a bushe a cikin rami mai bushewa. Za a iya amfani da tef ɗin tushe tare da koren jiki don juyawa. Bayan bushewa, koren jiki za a iya cirewa a gyara shi, sannan a yanke shi zuwa faɗin da mai amfani ya ƙayyade don jefa kayan fim babu komai tare da takamaiman ƙarfi da sassauci.
Tsarin samfur na atomatik:
Ana amfani da Servo galibi don juyawa da kwancewa, gyara karkacewa, kuma ana buƙatar mai sarrafa tashin hankali don daidaita tashin hankali a wurin juyawa da kwancewa;
• Yi amfani da HMI don nuna zafin jiki na dumama, tsarin dumama yana buƙatar tsarin kula da PID;
• Ana buƙatar daidaita kwararar iska ta fan ta mai sauya mitar.
Masana'antun sun haɗa da: Zhejiang Delong Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan Kunyuan Casting Technology Co., Ltd., Guangdong Fenghua High-tech Co., Ltd. - Xinbaohua Equipment Branch.
3. Gabatarwa na kayan aiki na yau da kullun - injin yashi
Gabatarwar aikin samfuri: An inganta shi don amfani da ƙananan ƙwanƙolin niƙa, daga sassauƙan tarwatsawa zuwa babban ƙarfin kuzari don ingantaccen aiki.
Tsarin samfur na atomatik:
• Yashi Mills suna da ƙananan buƙatu don sarrafa motsi, gabaɗaya ba sa amfani da servos, amma amfani da injinan ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun don aikin samar da sanding;
• Yi amfani da mai sauya mitar don daidaita saurin sandal, wanda zai iya sarrafa abubuwan niƙa a saurin layi daban-daban don saduwa da buƙatun ingancin niƙa daban-daban na kayan daban-daban.
Masana'antun sun haɗa da: Wuxi Shaohong Powder Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Rujia Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd., da Dongguan Nalong Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-18-2022