Jagora:Bisa kididdigar da ba ta cika ba, kusan dukkan kamfanonin motocin lantarki, da suka hada da Tesla, da BYD, da Weilai, da Euler, da Wuling Hongguang MINI EV, da dai sauransu, sun sanar da tsare-tsare na karin farashin ma'auni daban-daban.Daga cikin su, Tesla ya karu tsawon kwanaki uku a jere a cikin kwanaki takwas, inda ya karu zuwa yuan 20,000 mafi girma.
Dalilin karin farashin dai ya samo asali ne sakamakon karin farashin kayan masarufi.
"Sakamakon daidaita manufofin kasa da ci gaba da karuwar farashin albarkatun kasa na batura da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, farashin nau'ikan nau'ikan Chery New Energy ya ci gaba da hauhawa," in ji Chery.
"Sakamakon abubuwa da yawa kamar hauhawar farashin albarkatun kasa sama da kuma samar da sarkar samar da kayayyaki, Nezha zai daidaita farashin samfuran kan siyarwa," in ji Nezha.
"Sakamakon ci gaba da hauhawar farashin albarkatun kasa, BYD zai daidaita farashin jagorar sabbin samfuran makamashi kamar Dynasty.com da Ocean.com," in ji BYD.
Yin la'akari da dalilan karuwar farashin da kowa ya sanar, "farashin albarkatun kasa yana ci gaba da karuwa sosai" shine babban dalilin.Kayan albarkatun da aka ambata anan galibi suna nufin lithium carbonate.Bisa labarin da gidan talabijin na CCTV ya bayar, Liu Erlong, mataimakin babban jami'in gudanarwa na wani sabon kamfanin samar da makamashi a Jiangxi, ya ce: "Farashin (lithium carbonate) ana kiyaye shi a kan kusan yuan 50,000 a kowace tan, amma bayan fiye da shekara guda, an kiyaye shi. yanzu ya tashi zuwa yuan 500,000. yuan per ton."
A cewar bayanan jama'a, a farkon shekarun haɓakar motocin lantarki, batirin lithium ya taɓa ɗaukar kusan kashi 50% na farashin motocin lantarki, wanda lithium carbonate ya ɗauki kashi 50% na kuɗin albarkatun batir lithium.Lithium carbonate yana lissafin kashi 5% zuwa 7.5% na farashin motocin lantarki masu tsafta.Irin wannan hauhawar farashin hauka don irin wannan mahimmin abu yana da matukar illa ga haɓaka motocin lantarki.
Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, motar batirin lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate mai ƙarfin 60kWh yana buƙatar kimanin 30kg na lithium carbonate.Motar batirin lithium mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin 51.75kWh yana buƙatar kusan 65.57kg na nickel da 4.8kg na cobalt.A cikin su, nickel da cobalt karafa ne da ba kasafai ba, kuma ajiyar su a cikin albarkatun kasa ba su da yawa, kuma suna da tsada.
A wajen taron 'yan kasuwa na kasar Sin na Yabuli a shekarar 2021, shugaban kamfanin BYD Wang Chuanfu ya taba bayyana damuwarsa game da "batir lithium na uku": batirin ternary yana amfani da cobalt da nickel da yawa, kuma kasar Sin ba ta da cobalt da nickel kadan, kuma kasar Sin ba za ta iya samun mai ba. daga mai. An canza wuyan katin zuwa wuyan kati na cobalt da nickel, kuma batura da aka yi amfani da su a kan babban sikeli ba za su iya dogara da ƙananan ƙarfe ba.
A gaskiya ma, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ba kawai "kayan ternary" na batir lithium na ternary yana zama cikas ga ci gaban motocin lantarki - wannan kuma shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin masana'antun ke binciken "batura marasa cobalt" da sauran sababbin fasahar batir. , ko da Lithium (lithium iron phosphate baturi) ne Wang Chuanfu ya ce tare da "mafi yawan tanadi", kuma yana fuskantar tasirin hauhawar farashin albarkatun kasa kamar lithium carbonate.
Bisa kididdigar da jama'a suka yi, a halin yanzu kasar Sin ta dogara da shigo da kayayyaki da kashi 80% na albarkatunta na lithium.Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, albarkatun lithium na kasata sun kai tan miliyan 5.1, wanda ya kai kashi 5.94% na yawan albarkatun duniya.Bolivia, Argentina da Chile a Kudancin Amurka sun kai kusan kashi 60%.
Wang Chuanfu, shi ne shugaban kamfanin BYD, ya taba yin amfani da kashi 70 cikin 100 don bayyana dalilin da ya sa yake son kera motocin da ake amfani da su wajen samar da wutar lantarki: dogaro da mai daga kasashen waje ya zarce kashi 70%, kuma fiye da kashi 70% na mai dole ne ya shiga kasar Sin daga tekun kudancin kasar Sin. "Cikin Rikicin Tekun Kudancin China" a cikin 2016) Masu yanke shawara na kasar Sin suna jin rashin tsaro na tashoshin sufurin mai), kuma fiye da kashi 70% na man da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar sufuri.A yau, halin da ake ciki na albarkatun lithium bai yi kama da kyakkyawan fata ba.
Rahotannin da kafar yada labarai ta CCTV ta bayar sun nuna cewa, bayan ziyartar wasu kamfanonin motoci, mun gano cewa, wannan zagayen farashin da aka yi a watan Fabrairu ya tashi daga yuan 1,000 zuwa yuan 10,000.Tun daga Maris, kusan sabbin kamfanonin motocin makamashi 20 sun ba da sanarwar haɓaka farashin, wanda ya haɗa da kusan nau'ikan 40.
To, da saurin yaduwar motocin lantarki, shin farashinsu zai ci gaba da hauhawa saboda matsalolin kayan masarufi daban-daban kamar albarkatun lithium? Motocin lantarki za su taimaka wa kasar wajen rage dogaro da “petrodollars”, amma shin “albarkokin lithium” za su zama wani abin da ba a iya sarrafa shi da ke makalewa?
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-22-2022