1. Da'irar sarrafawa ta hannu
Wannan da'irar da'ira ce ta hannu wacce ke amfani da maɓallan wuka da na'urorin da'ira don sarrafa aikin kashewa na asynchronous motor asynchronous motorManual control circuit.
Da'irar yana da tsari mai sauƙi kuma ya dace da ƙananan ƙananan motoci waɗanda ke farawa sau da yawa.Ba za a iya sarrafa motar ta atomatik ba, kuma ba za a iya kiyaye ta daga rashin wutar lantarki da sifili ba.Shigar da saitin fuses FU don sanya motar ta yi nauyi da gajeriyar kariya.
2. The jog kula da kewaye
Farawa da tsayawa na motar ana sarrafa su ta hanyar maɓallin maɓallin, kuma ana amfani da mai tuntuɓar don gane aikin kashewa na motar.
Lalacewa: Idan motar da ke cikin da'irar jog ɗin tana ci gaba da gudana, maɓallin farawa SB dole ne a riƙa riƙe da hannu koyaushe.
3. Ci gaba da sarrafawa da'ira (tsawon motsi mai tsayi)
Farawa da tsayawa na motar ana sarrafa su ta hanyar maɓallin maɓallin, kuma ana amfani da mai tuntuɓar don gane aikin kashewa na motar.
4. The jog da kuma dogon-motsi kula da kewaye
Wasu injunan samarwa suna buƙatar injin ya sami damar motsawa duka biyun gudu da tsayi. Misali, lokacin da kayan aikin injin gabaɗaya ke cikin aiki na yau da kullun, motar tana jujjuyawa akai-akai, wato, doguwar gudu, yayin da sau da yawa ya zama dole don yin tsere yayin ƙaddamarwa da daidaitawa.
1. Jog da tsayin daka mai sarrafa motsi wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar canja wurin canja wuri
2. Jog da da'irar sarrafa motsi mai tsayi da aka sarrafa ta hanyar maɓalli masu haɗaka
Don taƙaitawa, mabuɗin don gane dogon gudu da gudu na sarrafa layin shine ko zai iya tabbatar da cewa an haɗa reshe mai kulle kansa bayan an sami kuzari na KM.Idan ana iya haɗa reshe mai kulle kai, ana iya samun dogon motsi, in ba haka ba za a iya samun motsin jog kawai.
5. Gaba da baya iko kewaye
Har ila yau ana kiran iko na gaba da baya, wanda zai iya gane motsin sassan samarwa a cikin hanyoyi masu kyau da mara kyau yayin samarwa.Don injin asynchronous mai hawa uku, don gane gaba da jujjuya sarrafawa, kawai yana buƙatar canza tsarin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, wato, daidaita kowane nau'i biyu na layin wutar lantarki mai hawa uku a cikin babban kewaye.
Akwai hanyoyin sarrafawa guda biyu da aka saba amfani da su: ɗaya shine amfani da haɗin haɗin don canza tsarin lokaci, ɗayan kuma shine amfani da babban lambar sadarwa na mai tuntuɓar don canza tsarin lokaci.Na farko dai ya fi dacewa da injinan da ke buƙatar jujjuyawar gaba da juyawa akai-akai, yayin da na baya ya fi dacewa da injinan da ke buƙatar jujjuyawar gaba da juyawa akai-akai.
1. Da'irar sarrafawa mai kyau-tsayawa
Babban matsalar wutar lantarki da ke haɗawa gaba da kuma jujjuyawar da'irar sarrafawa ita ce lokacin da ake canzawa daga tuƙi zuwa wancan, dole ne a fara danna maɓallin tsayawa SB1, kuma ba za a iya yin canjin kai tsaye ba, wanda a bayyane yake ba shi da daɗi.
2. Gaba-baya-tasha kula da kewaye
Wannan da'irar ta haɗu da fa'idodin haɗin wutar lantarki da maɓalli, kuma yana da cikakkiyar da'irar da ba zata iya biyan buƙatun farawa kai tsaye na juyawa da juyawa ba, amma kuma yana da babban aminci da aminci.
Hanyar kariya ta layi
(1) Kariyar gajeriyar kewayawa Ana katse babban kewayawa ta hanyar narkewar fis ɗin a cikin yanayin gajeriyar kewayawa.
(2) Ana samun kariya ta wuce gona da iri ta hanyar isar da wutar lantarki.Saboda rashin inertia na thermal relay yana da girma sosai, ko da a lokuta da yawa adadin halin yanzu yana gudana ta hanyar thermal element, thermal relay ba zai yi aiki nan da nan ba.Sabili da haka, lokacin da lokacin farawa na motar ba ta da tsayi sosai, raƙuman ruwa na thermal zai iya tsayayya da tasirin farawa na yanzu na motar kuma ba zai yi aiki ba.Sai kawai lokacin da motar ta yi yawa na dogon lokaci, zai yi aiki, cire haɗin da'irar sarrafawa, coil contactor zai rasa iko, yanke babban da'irar motar, kuma ya gane kariyar nauyi.
(3) Ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki da kariyar ƙarancin wuta An fahimci rashin tsaro da kariyar magana ta hanyar sadarwar da ke kulle kai na lambar sadarwar Km.A cikin aiki na yau da kullun na motar, ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ɓacewa ko raguwa saboda wasu dalilai. Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya kasance ƙasa da ƙarfin fitarwa na coil contactor, an saki lambar sadarwa, lambar kullewa ta katse, kuma an katse babban lambar sadarwa, yanke wutar lantarki. , Motar ta tsaya.Idan ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya koma al'ada, saboda sakin kulle kansa, motar ba za ta fara da kanta ba, guje wa haɗari.
• Hanyoyin farawa na kewayawa na sama sune cikakken ƙarfin wutan lantarki.
Lokacin da ƙarfin mai canzawa ya ba da izini, motar asynchronous na squirrel-cage asynchronous ya kamata a fara kai tsaye a cikakken ƙarfin lantarki kamar yadda zai yiwu, wanda ba zai iya inganta amincin da'irar sarrafawa ba, har ma ya rage yawan aikin kulawa na kayan lantarki.
6. Mataki-saukar farawa da'ira na asynchronous motor
• Cikakken ƙarfin wutan lantarki na yanzu na injin asynchronous na iya kaiwa sau 4-7 gwargwadon halin yanzu.Yawan farawa da yawa zai rage rayuwar motar, yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki na biyu na na'urar ya ragu sosai, rage ƙarfin farawar motar da kanta, har ma ya sa motar ta kasa farawa kwata-kwata, kuma yana shafar aikin al'ada na sauran. kayan aiki a cikin hanyar sadarwar samar da wutar lantarki guda ɗaya.Yaya za a yi hukunci ko motar zata iya farawa da cikakken ƙarfin lantarki?
• Gabaɗaya, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin motar ƙasa da 10kW ana iya farawa kai tsaye.Ko asynchronous motor sama da 10kW an yarda ya fara kai tsaye ya dogara da rabo daga ikon motor da kuma ikon canza canji.
• Don injin abin da aka bayar, gabaɗaya yi amfani da dabarar ƙwaƙƙwaran don ƙididdigewa.
•Iq/Ie≤3/4+ ƙarfin wutar lantarki (kVA)/[4× ƙarfin injin (kVA)]
• A cikin dabarar, Iq-motar cikakken ƙarfin lantarki wanda zai fara halin yanzu (A); Ie-motar rated halin yanzu (A).
• Idan sakamakon lissafin ya gamsar da dabarar da ke sama, gabaɗaya yana yiwuwa a fara da cikakken matsi, in ba haka ba, ba a yarda a fara da cikakken matsi ba, kuma yakamata a yi la'akari da raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
• Wani lokaci, don iyakancewa da rage tasirin tasirin farawa akan kayan aikin injiniya, motar da ke ba da izinin farawa mai cikakken ƙarfin lantarki kuma yana ɗaukar hanyar farawa ta rage-ƙarfi.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don fara saukarwa na squirrel-cage asynchronous Motors: stator circuit series resistance (ko reactance) mataki-saukar farawa, auto-transformer mataki-saukar farawa, Y-△ mataki-saukar farawa, △-△ mataki. - saukar da farawa, da dai sauransu. Ana amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin don iyakance lokacin farawa (gaba ɗaya, lokacin farawa bayan rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki shine sau 2-3 wanda aka ƙididdige na yanzu na injin), rage raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na manyan hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki, da tabbatar da ingancin wutar lantarki. aikin yau da kullun na kayan aikin lantarki na kowane mai amfani.
1. Series juriya (ko reactance) mataki-saukar farawa iko kewaye
A lokacin farawa na motar, ana haɗa juriya (ko amsawa) sau da yawa a jere a cikin da'irar stator mai hawa uku don rage ƙarfin lantarki akan iskar stator, ta yadda za'a iya fara motar a ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don cimma manufar. na iyakance lokacin farawa.Da zarar motsin motar yana kusa da ƙimar ƙima, yanke juriya na jerin (ko amsawa), don haka motar ta shiga aikin al'ada na cikakken ƙarfin lantarki.Tunanin ƙira na irin wannan nau'in kewayawa yawanci shine don amfani da ka'idar lokaci don yanke juriya (ko amsawa) a cikin jerin lokacin farawa don kammala farawa.
Stator kirtani juriya mataki-saukar farawa iko kewaye
• Amfani da jerin juriya farawa shine cewa tsarin sarrafawa yana da tsari mai sauƙi, ƙananan farashi, aiki mai dogara, ingantaccen ƙarfin wutar lantarki, kuma yana da kyau don tabbatar da ingancin wutar lantarki.Duk da haka, saboda raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na juriya na kirtani na stator, farkon halin yanzu yana raguwa daidai da ƙarfin lantarki na stator, kuma karfin farawa yana raguwa bisa ga lokutan murabba'i na ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki.A lokaci guda, kowane farawa yana cinye ƙarfi da yawa.Sabili da haka, motar asynchronous mai hawa uku na squirrel-cage asynchronous mota yana ɗaukar hanyar farawa na juriya zuwa ƙasa, wanda kawai ya dace da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan motoci waɗanda ke buƙatar farawa mai laushi da lokatai inda farawa ba sau da yawa ba.Manya-manyan injuna galibi suna amfani da jerin amsawa mataki-sako farawa.
2. String autotransformer mataki-saukar farawa kula da kewaye
• A cikin da'irar sarrafawa na auto-transformer mataki-saukar farawa, iyakance lokacin farawa na motar yana faruwa ta hanyar mataki na mataki na atomatik.An haɗa na farko na autotransformer zuwa wutar lantarki, kuma na biyu na autotransformer yana haɗa da motar.Na biyu na autotransformer gabaɗaya yana da taps 3, kuma ana iya samun nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan za a iya samun su.Lokacin amfani da shi, ana iya zaɓar shi da sauƙi bisa ga buƙatun farawa na yanzu da farawa.Lokacin da motar ta fara, ƙarfin lantarki da aka samu ta iskar stator shine ƙarfin lantarki na biyu na autotransformer. Da zarar an gama farawa, sai a yanke autotransformer, kuma an haɗa motar kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki, wato ana samun babban ƙarfin lantarki na autotransformer, kuma motar ta shiga cikin cikakken ƙarfin lantarki.Ana kiran wannan nau'in autotransformer sau da yawa a matsayin mai farawa.
• A lokacin aiwatar da farawa na mataki na autotransformer, an rage rabon farawa na yanzu zuwa karfin farawa ta hanyar murabba'in canjin canji.A ƙarƙashin yanayin samun ƙarfin farawa iri ɗaya, halin yanzu da aka samu daga grid ɗin wutar lantarki ta hanyar autotransformer mataki-saukar farawa ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da wannan tare da juriya na farawa, tasirin tasirin grid yana da ƙarami, da asarar wutar lantarki. karami ne.Saboda haka, ana kiran autotransformer mai farawa.A wasu kalmomi, idan farkon halin yanzu na girman wannan girman ya samo asali daga grid na wutar lantarki, mataki na farawa tare da autotransformer zai haifar da karfin farawa mai girma.Ana amfani da wannan hanyar farawa sau da yawa don injina tare da babban ƙarfin aiki da aiki na yau da kullun a cikin haɗin tauraron.Rashin hasara shi ne cewa autotransformer yana da tsada, tsarin juriya na dangi yana da wuyar gaske, girman yana da girma, kuma an tsara shi kuma an ƙera shi bisa ga tsarin aiki na dakatarwa, don haka ba a yarda da aiki akai-akai ba.
3. Y-△ mataki-saukar farawa kula da kewaye
• Fa'idar motar asynchronous mai kashi uku tare da Y-△ matakin saukarwa shine: lokacin da aka haɗa iskar stator a cikin tauraro, ƙarfin farawa shine 1/3 na wancan lokacin da ake amfani da haɗin delta kai tsaye, kuma Fara halin yanzu shine 1/3 na wancan lokacin da ake amfani da haɗin delta. / 3, don haka halayen farawa na yanzu suna da kyau, kewayawa ya fi sauƙi, kuma zuba jari ya ragu.Rashin hasara shi ne cewa an rage karfin farawa zuwa 1/3 na hanyar haɗin delta, kuma halayen juzu'i ba su da kyau.Don haka wannan layin ya dace da nauyi mai sauƙi ko lokacin farawa.Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a lura da cewa daidaiton jagorancin juyawa ya kamata a kula da shi lokacin haɗa Y-
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-30-2022