An yi izgili da tsarin "sa hannun jari" na NIO a tashoshin musayar wutar lantarki a matsayin "yarjejeniya ta jefa kudi", amma "sanarwa kan inganta manufofin tallafin kudi don haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen sabbin motocin makamashi" an ba da shi tare. ma'aikatu hudu da kwamitoci don karfafa ginin tashoshin musayar wutar lantarki. Bayan tallafin don maye gurbin samfurin baturi , komai ya zama daban. Da tallafin da jihar ke samu yanzu sana’ar canjin wutar lantarki ta sha bamban da yadda take a da. Ba wai kawai Weilai ba, har ma da kamfanoni da yawa kamar GAC Aian, Ningde Times, Tesla, da Volkswagen sun saka hannun jari a masana'antar musayar wutar lantarki. Saboda haka, dutse ɗaya ya tada igiyoyin ruwa dubu, kuma yanayin musayar wutar lantarki ya haifar da tattaunawa cikin sauri a cikin masana'antar. Hatta abokan rukunin fan na “EMF” sun kasa zauna cak suna tambaya, “Shin yanayin musayar wuta zai yiwu?”
1,
Binciken da ba a gama ba.
Hasali ma, an fara binciken yanayin musayar wutar lantarki a kasar Sin fiye da shekaru 20 da suka gabata. A cikin 2000, an kafa Dianba New Energy. Ci gaban ya aza harsashi. Daga shekarar 2010 zuwa 2015, State Grid da Xuji Electric sun shiga harkar musayar wuta, amma abin ya ci tura, kuma jarin da suka zuba bai samu sakamako mai kyau ba.
Samfurin musayar wutar lantarki ya haifar da sauyi a cikin ci gaba. A gaskiya ma, a cikin 2016, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin BAIC New Energy da Aodong New Energy sun kaddamar da "Biranen Goma da Tashoshi Dubu na Optimus Prime Plan", kuma an ƙaddamar da samfurin musayar wutar lantarki na fasinja don kasuwar taksi na lantarki. . Sa'an nan, manyan kamfanonin motoci na cikin gida irin su Weilai, GAC Aian, FAW Hongqi, da Geely sun kara "fasaharar musayar wutar lantarki ta baturi" zuwa wasu samfurori, wanda ya inganta ci gaban yanayin musayar wutar lantarki.
Musamman ma a wannan shekara, ya haifar da "shekara ta farko ta maye gurbin baturi", kuma kamfanoni da yawa sun fitar da nasu bayanan a fannin maye gurbin baturi.
A ranar 18 ga Janairu, babbar batir mai ƙarfi CATL ta ƙaddamar da EVOGO, alamar sabis na musayar baturi.A ranar 18 ga Yuni, CATL ta ƙaddamar da sabis ɗin musanya baturin EVOGO a Hefei, Anhui.
A ranar 24 ga Janairu, Lifan Technology da Geely Automobile sun kafa wani kamfani na haɗin gwiwa, Ruilan Automobile, wanda ya shiga cikin sabuwar kasuwar motocin makamashi tare da "sabon ikon musanyawa batir" kuma ya samar da sabbin kayayyaki bisa tsarin musayar baturi mai cin gashin kansa (GBRC). canza baturi). dandamali) rufe sedans, SUVs , MPVs har ma da motocin dabaru da sauran samfura, da kuma yin ƙoƙari a cikin B-karshen mota-hailing da C-karshen mutum musayar wutar lantarki bukatun masu amfani a lokaci guda. A ranar 27 ga Afrilu, CATL da AIWAYS sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwar aikin musanya baturin EVOGO. A bisa yarjejeniyar, dukkan bangarorin biyu za su yi amfani da AIWAYS U5 a matsayin wani kamfanin jigilar kaya, wajen samar da wani nau’in musanyar baturi, wanda ake shirin gabatar da shi a kasuwa a kashi na hudu na wannan shekara. , Masu Aiways waɗanda suka zaɓi nau'in musanyar baturi mai haɗaka zasu iya jin daɗin sabis ɗin musanya baturin EVOGO wanda ke raba ikon abin hawa, rarraba wutar lantarki akan buƙata, kuma ana iya caji da maye gurbinsu.
A ranar 6 ga Mayu, Changan Deep Blue ya sanar da bayanan sanyi na sedan C385, wanda zai iya tallafawa nau'ikan hanyoyin wutar lantarki da suka haɗa da yanayin musanya baturi. Za a kaddamar da sabuwar motar a hukumance a watan Agusta. A ranar 2 ga Yuni, rukunin farko na tasisin da aka musanya baturi (Nezha U Pro) wanda ya sauka a Nanning, Guangxi an isar da shi bisa hukuma. Hezhong, Chery da sauran 16 OEMs sun kai ga haɗin gwiwar haɓaka samfuran 30+ na musayar baturi) Ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar sabis na musayar baturi da aka gina a Nanning da manufofin musayar baturi, Hozon Nezha ya haɗu tare da Aodong New Energy da Taksi ta Arewa Kamfanin kuma sauran kamfanoni suna haɓaka aikace-aikace da haɓaka ƙarfin musanya wutar lantarki a cikin kasuwar Nanning. A ranar 13 ga Yuni, MG MULAN a hukumance ya fitar da sabon haske na fasaha, kuma batirin SAIC “Magic Cube” wanda zai iya tallafawa musayar wutar lantarki an lalata shi a karon farko. A ranar 6 ga watan Yuli, NIO ta ce adadin tashoshin musayar baturi a kasar ya kai 1,011. Ruilan Automobile zai fadada zuwa dukkan sassan kasar tare da "Chongqing" a matsayin sansanin gininsa. Yana shirin gina fiye da 5,000 tashoshin musayar baturi a 2025, rufe 100. saman birane.
Ayyukan sabbin samfuran motocin makamashi na yau da kullun kamar SAIC, Changan, da Nezha a cikin kasuwar musayar baturi duk sun dogara ne akan tuƙi mai ƙafafu biyu na buƙatun masu amfani da manufofin.
An fahimci cewa ana sa ran adadin shigar sabbin motocin makamashi zai wuce kashi 30 cikin 100 a shekarar 2025, wanda ke kara yawan bukatar masu amfani da makamashin.Bugu da ƙari, a cikin 2020, za a haɗa wuraren caji a cikin sabbin wuraren samar da ababen more rayuwa guda bakwai; tun daga 2021, ana ci gaba da gabatar da manufofin da suka dace, kuma rahoton aikin gwamnati ya ba da shawarar kara gina gine-gine kamar cajin tuli.da musanyawa tashoshi.
2,
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na musanya baturi.
A halin yanzu, ƙarin makamashin motocin lantarki ya dogara da hanyoyi guda biyu: musanya baturi da caji, amma irin waɗannan batutuwa kamar "musanya baturi zai maye gurbin caji?" kuma "yanayin musanya baturi ya fi kyau ko yanayin caji ya fi kyau?" , wasu kamfanonin mota har ma da masana masana'antu sun yi imanin cewa suna cikin dangantaka mai gasa.
A baya can, darektan sashen yada labarai na kungiyar inganta ababen more rayuwa ta kasar Sin, Tong Zongqi, ya ce, "A halin yanzu, yanayin maye gurbin baturi ya fi karkata ne a fannin aiki da manyan motoci. Sabbin motocin makamashi a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu har yanzu suna mamaye da jinkirin caji, ƙarin caji da sauri, da maye gurbin baturi. Ba zai zama na al'ada a matsayin kari ba."
Wasu masanan sun kuma ce yin caji da sauri yana da matukar illa ga baturin wutar lantarki kuma yana da tasiri sosai a kan wutar lantarki. Musamman lokacin da yawancin motocin lantarki ke amfani da caji mai sauri a lokaci guda, grid ɗin wutar lantarki na gida zai kasance cikin matsanancin matsin lamba, kuma maye gurbin baturi zai yi tasiri sosai akan baturin. Lalacewar ba ta da yawa, kuma ana iya amfani da wutar lantarki kololuwa da kwari, wanda zai iya inganta amfani da makamashi.
Li Shufu, shugaban kungiyar Geely Holding, wakilin majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar, ya ba da shawarar kara gina tsarin musayar wutar lantarki a tarukan biyu na bana. Ya yi imanin cewa yanayin musayar wutar lantarki na raba abin hawa da wutar lantarki yana da fa'idodi guda biyu akan yanayin caji, wanda shine ingantaccen kuzari da rage farashi.
Dangane da ingantaccen ingantaccen makamashi, lokacin da motocin lantarki a kasuwa ke amfani da yanayin caji cikin sauri, yawancin motocin lantarki ana iya cajin su daga 30% zuwa 80% a cikin kusan mintuna 30 (a zahiri gabaɗaya fiye da mintuna 30), kuma yana ɗaukar mintuna 1-5 ko makamancin haka.An bayar da rahoton cewa, sabuwar tashar musayar wutar lantarki ta Aodong New Energy ta zamani ta hudu ta cimma dukkan aikin na tsawon minti 1, kuma tsarin musayar wutar yana daukar 20S kawai, wanda ya yi daidai da na tashar mai.
Dangane da farashi, batirin wuta ya kai kusan kashi 40% na duk abin hawa. Yanayin cajin "haɗin mota-lantarki" yana ƙara yawan farashin abin hawa gaba ɗaya. A cikin yanayin rabuwa na abin hawa-lantarki, ana iya rage farashin siyan abin hawa na lantarki har zuwa rabi.Saboda haka, yanayin musanya baturi ba wai yana rage lokacin caji ba kawai, har ma yana rage matsin lamba akan grid ɗin wutar lantarki, kuma yana iya rage farashin, wanda a zahiri ya zama abin da masana'antu ke mayar da hankali kan su.
A zahiri, yanayin maye gurbin baturi yana da sauqi sosai, wato chassis ko fakitin batirin wutar lantarki na gefe da ake amfani da shi a cikin sabuwar motar makamashi ya dace da fasahar maye gurbin baturi, kuma ana cire fakitin baturi a maye gurbinsa a tashar maye gurbin don cimma nasara. manufar karin makamashi.
Dalilin da yasa kamfanoni da yawa ke kula da yanayin maye gurbin baturi shine cewa ya dace da "mai caji, maye gurbin, da haɓakawa" a cikin yanayi daban-daban, kuma yana da halaye na haɓakawa, inganci, dacewa, da aminci.Bugu da ƙari ga ƙarin ingantaccen inganci da aka ambata a sama, fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da abubuwa huɗu masu zuwa:
1. Tsawaita rayuwar baturi.Ana cajin baturi a yanayin musanya baturi a daidaitaccen gudu kuma yana mai da hankali a cikin madaidaicin wurin cajin zafin jiki da zafi, wanda ke kare SOH (lafiya) da SOC ( kewayon tafiya) a cikin baturi. Ko da sanyi ne, zai iya ba da cikakken cajin abin hawa cikin sauri. Baturi, kar ka damu da rashin caji.
2. Inganta amincin baturi.A cikin yanayin musanya baturi, bangon tashar musanya zai yi nazarin matsayin baturin a cikin lokaci kuma ya kawar da kurakuran baturi da sauran kula da tsaro, ta yadda za a rage konewar abin hawa da asarar aminci da ke haifar da guduwar zafi na baturin wutar lantarki.
3. Rage bakin kofa don siyan mota.Idan aka kwatanta da yanayin cajin "haɗin mota-lantarki", yanayin "rarrabuwar wutar lantarki" yanayin musayar wutar lantarki ya dace da yin hayar ƙayyadaddun bayanai daban-daban na batir wutar lantarki a cikin yanayin balaguro daban-daban, wanda ba zai iya rage farashin siyan mai amfani kawai ba, amma kuma ya fahimci dogon lokaci. -dawwamammen yanayin amfani da mota. .
4. Mai dacewa don sake amfani da su.Misali, yin amfani da batir lithium cascade na iya inganta ingantaccen tasirin tattalin arzikin al'umma gaba daya.
Tabbas, akwai ribobi da fursunoni don musanya.Musanya baturi masana'antar kadara ce mai nauyi, wacce ke da nauyin tsadar gaske akan masu saka hannun jari da dogon lokacin biya. Yawan toshewa da cire batir ɗin wuta yana da haɗari.A lokaci guda kuma, wasu masana sun nuna cewa rabon motocin da aka musanya don ajiyar batura ya kamata ya zama 1: 1.3 don dacewa, amma wannan ba haka bane.
Ɗaukar NIO a matsayin misali, rabon NIO na yanzu zuwa maye gurbin baturi shine kusan 1:1.04. Saboda rabon siyan mota da maye gurbin baturi a fili bai kai daidai ba, NIO tana gina batura masu maye a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Tare da ƙoƙari a cikin tashar wutar lantarki, shirin siyan mota na Baas wanda Weilai ya ƙaddamar ya zama hanyar haɓakawa don sababbin siyar da motoci.
A ranar 28 ga watan Yuni, NIO ta ce ta samar da ayyukan musanya batir sama da miliyan 9.7 a tashoshi 997 na musaya na duniya, sannan ta kammala caja 4,795 da caja 4,391, amma har yanzu tana cikin wani hali. .
3,
Akwai matsaloli da yawa, kuma samfurin riba shine babban gwaji.
Dalilin da ya sa wasu kamfanonin mota ba su da kyakkyawan fata game da samfurin musanyar baturi shi ne cewa yana aiki da manufa guda ɗaya kuma ba shi da matsayi.
Saboda bambance-bambancen ƙirar baturin wutar lantarki, kayan aiki, fasaha, da sauransu, ƙarfin kuzari da girman batir ɗin wuta ba iri ɗaya bane. Don haka, tashar musayar wutar lantarki za ta iya yin amfani da samfurin guda ɗaya kawai, wanda zai haifar da sauƙin amfani da albarkatun tashar wutar lantarki da ingantaccen aiki. Ƙananan da sauran yanayi, don haka haɓaka farashin aiki da sikelin aikace-aikacen gina tashar musayar wutar lantarki.
A haƙiƙa, ainihin dabarun musanya baturi ya ta'allaka ne a cikin rarrabuwar abin hawa da wutar lantarki, daidaitattun batura, da fahimtar rufaffiyar madauki na makamashi.Koyaya, yana da matukar wahala a daidaita baturi. Akwai nau'ikan batura masu yawa da suka kai 145 a kasuwa. Hanyoyin musayar wutar lantarki sun haɗa da musayar wuta ta gefe, musayar wutar lantarki na ƙaramin akwatin, da musayar wutar chassis. Yana da wuya a canza sabon makamashi saboda dalilai da yawa. Masu sana'a suna da ra'ayoyin ƙira da ka'idoji don batura masu ƙarfi, don haka idan kuna son cimma ma'auni na "swap na baturi na duniya", kuna buƙatar ƙetare babban gibi.
Kuma saboda alakar da ke tsakanin sabbin masu kera motoci masu amfani da makamashi, tsarin batir wutar lantarki da kuma hanyar musayar wutar lantarki sun bambanta, kuma babu wanda ke son bayyana nasa mafita ko kuma daukar hanyoyin magance kishiya.
A halin yanzu, kamfanoni da yawa sun riga sun fara ƙirar fakitin baturi, amma zai ɗauki lokaci don samar da ƙarfin yaƙi.
Koyaya, babban ƙalubale ga yanayin musanya wutar lantarki ba shine rashin ƙayyadadden ƙa'idar batir wutar lantarki ba, amma yadda za'a inganta ƙimar amfani da tashar guda ɗaya don samun riba.
Bisa kididdigar kididdigar Cibiyar Nazarin Securities ta CITIC, kudin aikin ginin tashar guda daya na tashar musayar motocin fasinja ya kai kusan yuan miliyan 4.9, kuma kudin gina tashar guda daya na tashar musayar motocin kasuwanci ya kai Yuan miliyan 10. Wurin karya-ko da na tsohon yayi daidai da 20% na ƙimar amfani. Ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa shine yin hidimar motoci 60 kowace rana; madaidaicin madaidaicin na karshen shine 10%, wato, ana ba da motoci 24 kowace rana. Yin la'akari da adadin tashoshin musanyawa a wannan matakin, ba za a iya kaiwa ga hutu ba kwata-kwata.
Bayanai na iya ko da yaushe nuna mafi ainihin halin da ake ciki. Idan muka dauki kamfanin na uku na kamfanin Aodong New Energy a matsayin misali, yawan kudaden da aka samu daga shekarar 2018 zuwa 2020 ya kai yuan miliyan 82.4749, yuan miliyan 212 da yuan miliyan 190, kuma hasarar da aka samu ya kai yuan miliyan 186, da yuan miliyan 162. da Yuan miliyan 249, tare da asarar jimillar yuan miliyan 597 cikin shekaru uku.
Sabili da haka, a cikin ƙananan ƙananan kasuwannin motocin haya na kan layi, tsararrun tashoshin musayar baturi ba cikakke ba ne, kuma rashin daidaituwa na matakan baturi yana rinjayar sha'awa da hanyoyin ci gaba na kowane bangare. Ya fi wahala ga OEMs.
4,
karshen ta:
Ba abin musantawa cewa, idan aka kwatanta da caji, musanya baturi yana da fa'ida mai yawa a cikin ingancin cika kuzari.
Ba a ma maganar ko yanayin musanya baturi zai maye gurbin yanayin caji a nan gaba, aƙalla daga hangen nesa na kamfanonin mota da yawa da ke shiga cikin yanayin musanya baturi, maganin musanya baturi yana yiwuwa, mafi inganci sarrafa baturi, la'akari da ajiyar makamashi. , kuma ƙananan tasiri akan grid na wutar lantarki yana da sauri. Ba za a iya yin caji ba.
Ta fuskar masana'antu, idan aka tabbatar da daidaito da kuma haɗewar batura masu wuta, za a iya cimma daidaiton sake amfani da sabis na kasuwa, wanda zai haifar da ci gaba da bunƙasa sabon sarkar masana'antar motocin makamashi.
Watakila na dogon lokaci a nan gaba, sabbin motocin makamashi za su kasance sun dogara ne akan jinkirin caji, ƙari ta hanyar caji mai sauri da musayar baturi. Ba za a iya warware ma'aunin batir ɗin wutan lantarki mai haɗin kai ba, amma mun yi imanin cewa muddin ana buƙata a kasuwa, ana buƙatar ƙarin haɓaka tsarin ganowa. , yana da ingantaccen ingantawa don yanayin raba wutar lantarki da abin hawa. Bayan an gane yanayin musanya baturi, yawancin kamfanonin mota suna kafa ƙungiya don cimma ma'auni na baturi 2-3, to, yanayin canza baturi dole ne ya sami dakin rayuwa da ci gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-17-2022