Mahimmancin sarrafa wutar lantarki abin hawan lantarki shine sarrafa motar. A cikin wannan takarda, ana amfani da ƙa'idar tauraro-delta da aka fara amfani da su a masana'antu don haɓaka sarrafa abin hawa na lantarki, ta yadda tsarin tuƙi na 48V zai iya zama babban nau'in ƙarfin tuƙi na 10-72KW.An tabbatar da aikin gabaɗayan abin hawa, kuma a lokaci guda, farashin tuƙin lantarki na ƙananan motoci da ƙananan motoci yana raguwa sosai,
A cikin binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, na gane cewa sarrafa motocin lantarki shine ainihin ikon sarrafa motar.Saboda ilimin da ke cikin wannan labarin yana da yawa kuma dalla-dalla, idan ka'ida da tsarin inganta tsarin kula da motoci an yi cikakken bayani dalla-dalla, bisa ga litattafan da marubucin ya karanta a halin yanzu, abubuwan ilimin sun isa su samar da rubutun monograph. tare da shafuka sama da 100 da kalmomi sama da 100,000.Domin ba da damar masu karatu a kan kafofin watsa labarun su fahimta da ƙware irin wannan hanyar ingantawa tsakanin kewayon dubban kalmomi.Wannan labarin zai yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun misalai don bayyana tsarin inganta tsarin ƙirar motar lantarki.
Misalan da aka bayyana anan sun dogara ne akan Baojun E100, BAIC EC3, da BYD E2.Sai kawai abubuwan da ke biyo baya na samfuran biyu suna buƙatar alaƙa, kuma kawai ikon sarrafa motar ne aka inganta don inganta shi zuwa tsarin batir dual-voltage na 48V/144V DC, injin AC 33V/99V dual-voltage motor da saitin direbobi. .Daga cikin su, tsarin lantarki na wutar lantarki na direban motar shine mabuɗin ga dukan tsarin ingantawa, kuma marubucin yana nazarin shi a hankali da zurfi.
A takaice dai, injinan Baojun E100, BAIC EC3, da BYD E2 kawai suna buƙatar inganta su zuwa tsarin sarrafa motar 29-70KW.Waɗannan su ne wakilan ƙaramin motar A00, ƙaramar motar A0, da kuma ƙaramin motar lantarki mai tsafta.Wannan labarin zai yi amfani da hanyar sarrafa injin asynchronous na masana'antu uku-uku don amfani da shi zuwa ikon sarrafa injunan motocin lantarki ta hanyar tauraron-delta, V/F+DTC mai sarrafa injin induction mai kashi uku na asynchronous.
Saboda iyakokin sararin samaniya, wannan labarin ba zai bayyana ka'idodin triangle na taurari da sauransu ba.Bari mu fara da ƙarfin motar gama gari a cikin sarrafa injin masana'antu. Motar asynchronous mai hawa uku da aka saba amfani da ita ta 380V shine 0.18 ~ 315KW, ƙaramin ƙarfi shine haɗin Y, matsakaicin ƙarfin shine haɗin △, kuma babban ƙarfin shine motar 380/660V.Gabaɗaya, injinan 660V sune manyan injina sama da 300KW. Ba wai injinan sama da 300KW ba za su iya amfani da 380V ba, amma tattalin arzikinsu ba shi da kyau.Shi ne halin yanzu wanda ke iyakance tattalin arzikin motar da kewayen sarrafawa.Yawanci milimita murabba'i 1 na iya wuce 6A halin yanzu. Da zarar an ƙirƙira injin induction na asynchronous mai kashi uku, an ƙayyade kebul ɗin motar sa.Wato abin da ke wucewa a halin yanzu an ƙaddara.Daga ra'ayi na injiniyoyin masana'antu, 500A shine mafi girman darajar tattalin arzikinta.
Komawa motar motar lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki na PWM uku na tsarin baturi 48V shine 33V.Idan yanayin tattalin arzikin injin masana'antu shine 500A, matsakaicin ƙimar tattalin arziƙin motar lantarki 48V kusan 27KW don injin shigar da matakai uku.A lokaci guda kuma, idan aka yi la'akari da yanayin motsin abin hawa, lokacin da za a kai iyakar halin yanzu yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, yawanci ba fiye da 'yan mintoci ba, ma'ana, 27KW za a iya sanya shi cikin yanayin da ya wuce kima.Yawanci yanayin lodin shine sau 2 zuwa 3 na yanayin al'ada.Wato, yanayin aiki na yau da kullun shine 9 ~ 13.5KW.
Idan muka kalli matakin ƙarfin lantarki da daidaita ƙarfin halin yanzu.Tsarin 48V na iya kasancewa tsakanin 30KW kawai saboda ingantaccen tuki shine mafi kyawun yanayin aiki.
Koyaya, akwai hanyoyin sarrafawa da yawa don injunan asynchronous mataki uku. Motocin lantarki suna da ƙayyadaddun tsarin saurin gudu (kusan 0-100%) da kewayon sarrafa ƙarfi (kusan 0-100%).Ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki, motocin lantarki a halin yanzu suna amfani da VF ko DTC iko.Idan an gabatar da sarrafa tauraro-delta, yana iya haifar da sakamako mara tsammani.
A cikin sarrafa masana'antu, ƙarfin ikon sarrafa tauraron-delta shine sau 1.732, wanda shine daidaituwa maimakon ka'ida.Tsarin 48V baya haɓaka ƙirar mitar PWM don yin AC 33V, kuma motar da aka ƙera bisa ga matakin ƙarfin lantarki na masana'antu shine 57V.Amma muna daidaita matakin ikon sarrafa tauraron-delta zuwa sau 3, wanda shine tushen 9.Sa'an nan zai zama 99V.
Wato, idan an ƙera motar azaman 99V AC asynchronous motor mai hawa uku tare da haɗin delta da haɗin 33V Y, ana iya daidaita saurin motar daga 0 zuwa 100% a cikin kewayon wutar lantarki na 20 zuwa 72KW a ƙarƙashin tattalin arziki. yanayi. Yawanci matsakaicin saurin motar shine 12000RPM), ka'idodin juzu'i shine 0-100%, kuma daidaitawar mitar shine 0-400Hz.
Idan irin wannan tsarin ingantawa za a iya gane, sa'an nan A-class motoci da kuma kananan motoci iya samun mai kyau yi ta daya mota.Mun san cewa farashin tsarin motar 48V (a cikin ƙimar ƙimar 30KW) kusan yuan 5,000 ne. Kudin tsarin ingantawa a cikin wannan takarda ba a sani ba, amma ba ya ƙara kayan aiki, amma kawai ya canza hanyar sarrafawa kuma ya gabatar da matakan ƙarfin lantarki biyu.Ƙaruwar kuɗin sa kuma ana iya sarrafawa.
Tabbas, za a sami sababbin matsaloli da yawa a cikin irin wannan tsarin kulawa. Babban matsalolin shine ƙirar motar, ƙirar direba, da kuma babban buƙatu don caji da halayen cajin baturi mai ƙarfi.Waɗannan matsalolin ana iya sarrafa su kuma akwai hanyoyin magance su. Misali, za'a iya warware ƙirar mota ta hanyar daidaita ma'auni na matakan ƙarfin lantarki mai girma da ƙarancin ƙarfi.Za mu tattauna shi tare a talifi na gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-02-2023