Daga batirin ruwan wukake na BYD, zuwa batirin cobalt mara amfani na saƙar zuma, sannan zuwa baturin sodium-ion na zamanin CATL, masana'antar batirin wutar lantarki ta sami ci gaba da ƙirƙira. Satumba 23, 2020 - Ranar Batirin Tesla, Shugaban Kamfanin Tesla Elon Musk ya nuna wa duniya sabon baturi - baturin 4680.
A baya can, girman batir lithium cylindrical sun kasance 18650 da 21700, kuma 21700 yana da 50% ƙarin kuzari fiye da 18650.Batirin 4680 yana da karfin tantanin halitta sau biyar na batirin 21700, kuma sabon baturin zai iya rage farashin kowace kilowatt-awa da kusan 14% kuma yana haɓaka kewayon tafiye-tafiye da kashi 16%.
Musk a fili ya bayyana cewa wannan baturi zai yi yuwuwar motar lantarki ta $25,000.
To, daga ina wannan baturi mai haɗari ya fito?Bayan haka, muna nazarin su daya bayan daya.
1. Menene baturi 4680?
Hanyar Tesla na suna batir mai ƙarfi abu ne mai sauqi kuma mai sauƙi.Batirin 4680, kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, baturi ne mai siliki mai diamita guda ɗaya na 46mm da tsayin 80mm.
Girma daban-daban uku na batura lithium-ion cylindrical
Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga hoton, idan aka kwatanta da ainihin baturin Tesla na 18650 da baturi 21700, baturin 4680 ya yi kama da mutum mai tsayi da karfi.
Amma baturin 4680 ba kawai girman canji ba ne, Tesla ya haɗa da sababbin fasaha don inganta aikin.
Na biyu, sabuwar fasahar baturi 4680
1. Tsarin kunne mara amfani da lantarki
A hankali, babban ji na 4680 shine ya fi girma.Don haka me yasa sauran masana'antun ba su sa baturi ya fi girma a baya ba.Wannan shi ne saboda mafi girma girma da kuma mafi girma da makamashi, zafi yana da wuyar sarrafawa kuma mafi girma barazanar tsaro daga konewa da fashewa.
Tesla a fili ya yi la'akari da wannan kuma.
Idan aka kwatanta da baturin cylindrical da ya gabata, babbar ƙirar ƙirar baturin 4680 ita ce igiyar lantarki mara amfani, wanda kuma aka sani da cikakken lug.A cikin baturi na silindari na gargajiya, fa'idodin jan karfe mai inganci da mara kyau da mai raba foil na aluminium suna tarawa da rauni. Domin zana na'urorin lantarki, ana walda wayar gubar da ake kira tab zuwa ƙofofin tagulla biyu da foil ɗin aluminum.
Tsawon iska na baturi 1860 na gargajiya shine 800mm. Ɗaukar foil ɗin tagulla tare da mafi kyawun aiki a matsayin misali, tsayin shafuka don jagorantar wutar lantarki daga cikin foil ɗin tagulla shine 800mm, wanda yayi daidai da halin yanzu yana wucewa ta cikin dogon waya 800mm.
Ta hanyar ƙididdigewa, juriya yana kusan 20mΩ, tsayin iska na batirin 2170 shine kusan 1000mm, juriya kusan 23mΩ.Ana iya jujjuya shi cikin sauƙi cewa fim ɗin na kauri ɗaya yana buƙatar mirgina cikin baturi 4680, kuma tsayin iska yana kusan 3800mm.
Akwai rashin amfani da yawa don haɓaka tsayin iska. Electrons na buƙatar tafiya mai nisa mai nisa don isa ga shafuka a ƙarshen baturin, juriya zai karu, kuma baturin zai fi dacewa da zafi.Ayyukan baturi zai ƙasƙanta har ma da haifar da matsalolin tsaro.Domin rage tazarar da na'urorin lantarki ke tafiya, baturin 4680 yana amfani da fasahar kunne mara amfani.
Tashar mara igiyar lantarki ba ta da shafuka, amma tana jujjuya duk mai tarawa na yanzu zuwa shafin, hanyar gudanarwa ba ta dogara da shafin ba, kuma ana canja wurin na yanzu daga watsawa ta gefe tare da shafin zuwa farantin mai tattarawa zuwa watsawa ta tsaye. mai tarawa na yanzu.
Duk tsawon tsawon tafiyar ya canza daga 800 zuwa 1000mm na 1860 ko 2170 tsawon foil na jan karfe zuwa 80mm (tsawon baturi).An rage juriya zuwa 2mΩ, kuma an rage yawan juriya na ciki daga 2W zuwa 0.2W, wanda aka rage kai tsaye ta hanyar tsari mai girma.
Wannan zane yana rage girman ƙarfin baturin kuma yana magance matsalar dumama baturin silinda.
A gefe guda, fasahar kunne mara igiyar lantarki tana ƙaruwa wurin sarrafawa na yanzu, yana rage nisan tafiyarwa na yanzu, kuma yana rage juriya na ciki na baturi sosai; rage juriya na ciki na iya rage abin da ke faruwa a halin yanzu kuma ya tsawaita rayuwar baturi; rage juriya kuma zai iya rage yawan zafin jiki, da kuma murfin lantarki na lantarki mai tasiri mai tasiri mai tasiri tsakanin Layer da baturin ƙarshen baturi zai iya kaiwa 100%, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfin zafi.
Batirin 4680 yana ɗaukar sabon nau'in fasahar kunne mara igiyar lantarki dangane da tsarin tantanin halitta, wanda zai iya rage farashi da haɓaka aiki.A gefe guda kuma, an cire tsarin walda na shafuka, ana inganta aikin samarwa, kuma ana iya rage lahani da walda ke haifarwa a lokaci guda.
Tsarin tsari na monopole da cikakken tsarin sandar sanda
2. Haɗe da fasahar CTC
Gabaɗaya magana, girman girman baturi, ƙananan batura suna buƙatar shigar da su a cikin abin hawa ɗaya.Tare da sel 18650, Tesla yana buƙatar sel 7100.Idan kuna amfani da batura 4680, kuna buƙatar batura 900 kawai.
Ƙananan batura, da sauri za a iya haɗa su, mafi girma da inganci, ƙananan damar matsalolin matsaloli a cikin tsaka-tsakin haɗin kai, da farashi mai rahusa.A cewar Tesla, babban 4680 na iya rage farashin samar da batura da 14%.
Domin inganta yawan makamashi na fakitin baturi, baturin 4680 za a haɗa shi da fasahar CTC (Cell to Chassis).Shi ne don haɗa ƙwayoyin baturi kai tsaye cikin chassis.Ta hanyar cire kwamfutoci da fakitin baturi gaba ɗaya, ƙwayoyin batir ɗin suna ƙara ƙaranci, adadin sassan baturi zai ragu sosai, kuma amfanin sararin samaniya na chassis shima zai inganta sosai.
CTC yana da wasu buƙatu akan ƙarfin tsarin baturin. Ita kanta baturin dole ne ya ɗauki ƙarfin injina da yawa. Idan aka kwatanta da baturan 18650 da 2170, baturi guda 4680 yana da ƙarfin tsari mafi girma da ƙarfin tsari, kuma babban baturin harsashi na murabba'in harsashi ne na aluminum. Harsashi 4680 an yi shi da bakin karfe, kuma an ba da tabbacin ƙarfin tsarin da ya dace.
Idan aka kwatanta da baturin harsashi mai murabba'i, tsarin baturin cylindrical zai zama mafi sassauƙa, zai iya daidaitawa da nau'ikan chassis iri-iri, kuma za'a iya haɗa shi da kyau tare da shafin.
Bisa ga bincike da hukunci na "EMF", fasahar CTC ita ce tuyere na sababbin motocin makamashi a cikin 2022, kuma shi ma cokali mai yatsa ne a hanya.
Haɗin baturin cikin jiki zai iya sa kula da abin hawa ya zama mai rikitarwa sosai, kuma baturin yana da wuya a maye gurbinsa da kansa.Farashin sabis na tallace-tallace zai ƙaru, kuma waɗannan farashin za a ba su kai tsaye ga masu amfani, kamar farashin inshora.Ko da yake Musk ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun ƙirƙira hanyoyin gyaran dogo waɗanda za a iya yanke su a maye gurbinsu, zai ɗauki lokaci don ganin yadda aikin zai yi.
Yawancin kamfanonin mota sun ba da shawarar nasu hanyoyin fasaha na CTC, saboda ba wai kawai sake tsara baturi ba, amma har ma yana buƙatar canza tsarin jiki.Wannan yana da alaƙa da sake rarraba aiki a cikin sarkar samar da masana'antu masu alaƙa.
CTC hanya ce ta fasaha kawai.Haɗaɗɗen jikin baturi ne, wanda ba ya canzawa.Akwai wata fasaha ta daban daga gare ta - musanya baturi.Fasahar musanya baturi tana da sauƙin tarwatsawa, amma baturin yana ba da babbar gudummawa ga ƙarfin baturi.Yadda ake zaɓar waɗannan hanyoyi guda biyu wasa ne tsakanin masu samar da baturi da OEMs.
Fasahar CTC ta haɗe da baturi 4680
3. Innovation a cikin tsarin samar da baturi, cathode da kayan anode
Tesla zai yi amfani da busasshen lantarki na baturi, maimakon yin amfani da sauran ƙarfi, ƙananan adadin (kimanin 5-8%) na mai daɗaɗɗen PTFE mai laushi mai laushi yana haɗe da tabbatacce / korau electrode foda, ya wuce ta hanyar extruder don samar da wani bakin ciki tsiri. Electrode material, sa'an nan kuma wani tsiri na kayan lantarki da aka lakafta zuwa wani karfe foil na yanzu mai tarawa don samar da ƙãre electrode.
Baturin da aka samar ta wannan hanya ya fi dacewa da muhalli.Kuma wannan tsari zai kara yawan kuzarin batir kuma zai rage yawan kuzarin da ake samarwa da sau 10.Busashen fasahar lantarki na iya zama maƙasudin fasaha na tsara na gaba.
Tesla 4680 busasshen fasahar lantarki
Dangane da kayan cathode, Tesla ya ce zai kuma cire sinadarin cobalt a cikin cathode.Cobalt yana da tsada kuma yana da yawa.Ana iya hakar ma'adinan ne kawai a cikin ƙasashe kaɗan a duniya, ko kuma a cikin ƙasashen Afirka marasa kwanciyar hankali kamar Kongo.Idan baturin zai iya cire sinadarin cobalt da gaske, ana iya cewa babbar ƙirƙira ce ta fasaha.
Cobalt
Dangane da kayan anode, Tesla zai fara da kayan siliki kuma ya yi amfani da ƙarin silicon don maye gurbin graphite da ake amfani da shi a halin yanzu.Ƙimar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin lantarki mara kyau na tushen silicon ya kai 4200mAh/g, wanda shine sau goma mafi girma fiye da na graphite korau electrode.Koyaya, na'urorin lantarki mara kyau na tushen silicon suma suna da matsaloli kamar haɓaka ƙarar siliki mai sauƙi, ƙarancin ƙarancin wutar lantarki, da babban asarar cajin farko.
Sabili da haka, ingantaccen kayan aikin shine a zahiri don nemo ma'auni tsakanin ƙarfin kuzari da kwanciyar hankali, kuma samfuran anode na tushen silicon na yanzu ana yin su da siliki da graphite don amfani mai hade.
Kamfanin Tesla na shirin canza malleability na saman siliki don rage saurin karyewa, fasahar da ba kawai damar batura yin caji da sauri ba, amma kuma tana kara rayuwar batir da kashi 20 cikin dari.Tesla ya kira sabon kayan "Tesla Silicon", kuma farashin shine $ 1.2 / KWh, wanda shine kawai kashi ɗaya cikin goma na tsarin siliki da aka tsara.
Ana ɗaukar anodes na tushen Silicon azaman kayan anode na batirin lithium na gaba.
Wasu samfura kaɗan a kasuwa sun fara amfani da kayan anode na tushen silicon.Samfura irin su Tesla Model 3 sun riga sun haɗa ƙananan siliki a cikin gurɓataccen lantarki.Kwanan nan, an ƙaddamar da samfurin GAC AION LX Plus. Sigar Qianli tana sanye da fasahar batirin soso na silicon anode guntu, wanda zai iya cimma tsawon kilomita 1,000 na rayuwar batir.
4680 silicon anode baturi
Don taƙaita fa'idodin fasahar baturi 4680 shine cewa yana iya haɓaka aiki yayin rage farashi.
3. Tasiri mai nisa na batura 4680
Batirin 4680 ba juyin juya halin fasaha ba ne, ba ci gaba a yawan kuzari ba, amma ƙari ne na ƙirƙira a cikin fasahar sarrafawa.
Duk da haka, ta hanyar Tesla, don yanayin halin yanzu na sabon kasuwar makamashi, samar da batura 4680 zai canza yanayin baturi.Babu makawa masana'antar za ta kashe manyan batura masu girman silinda.
A cewar rahotanni, Panasonic yana shirin fara samar da manyan batura 4680 na Tesla a farkon 2023.Sabon jarin zai kai yen biliyan 80 (kimanin dalar Amurka miliyan 704).Samsung SDI da LG Energy suma sun shiga kera batirin 4680.
A cikin gida, Yiwei Lithium Energy ya sanar da cewa reshensa na Yiwei Power yana shirin gina babban layin samar da baturi mai nauyin 20GWh don motocin fasinja a yankin Jingmen High-tech Zone. Batir na BAK da makamashin saƙar zuma kuma za su shiga fagen manyan batura masu siliki. BMW da CATL suma suna aikewa da manyan batura masu silindari, kuma an ƙaddara ainihin tsarin.
Tsarin Batir Silinda Na Masu Kera Batir
Na huɗu, ƙarfin lantarki yana da abin da zai faɗa
Ƙirƙirar ƙirar babban baturin silinda ko shakka babu zai haɓaka ci gaban masana'antar batirin wutar lantarki. Ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba kamar haɓakawa daga baturi na 5 zuwa baturi na farko. Jikinsa yana da manyan tambayoyi.
Farashin baturin yana kusa da kashi 40% na farashin abin hawa gabaɗaya. Muhimmancin baturi a matsayin "zuciya" yana bayyana kansa.Koyaya, tare da shaharar sabbin motocin makamashi, buƙatar batir yana ƙaruwa kowace rana, kuma farashin kayan yana ƙaruwa. Ƙirƙirar batura ya zama hanya mai mahimmanci ga kamfanonin mota don haɓakawa.
Tare da haɓaka fasahar da ke da alaƙa da baturi, motocin lantarki masu araha suna kusa!
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-13-2022