Menene lidar kuma ta yaya lidar ke aiki?

　　1. Menene Lidar?

Kamfanonin motoci daban-daban suna jaddada lidar, don haka dole ne mu fara fahimtar, menene lidar?

LIDAR - Lidar, shine firikwensin,wanda aka sani da "idon robot", wani muhimmin firikwensin haɗakar laser, matsayi na GPS da na'urorin auna inertial. Hanyar da ta dawo da lokacin da ake buƙata don auna nisa daidai yake da radar, sai dai ana amfani da laser maimakon igiyoyin rediyo.Ana iya cewa lidar yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman saitunan kayan masarufi don taimakawa motoci cimma babban matakin taimako na tuki.

2. Ta yaya lidar ke aiki?

Na gaba, bari muyi magana game da yadda lidar ke aiki.

Da farko, muna bukatar mu bayyana a sarari cewa lidar ba ya aiki da kansa, kuma gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi manyan kayayyaki guda uku: watsawar Laser, mai karɓa, da matsayi na inertial da kewayawa.Lokacin da lidar ke aiki, zai fitar da hasken laser. Bayan ci karo da wani abu, hasken Laser ɗin zai dawo baya kuma zai karɓi ta firikwensin CMOS, ta yadda za a auna nisa daga jiki zuwa cikas.Daga ra'ayi na ka'ida, muddin kuna buƙatar sanin saurin haske da lokacin daga fitarwa zuwa tsinkayen CMOS, zaku iya auna nisa na cikas. Haɗe tare da GPS na ainihi, bayanan kewayawa inertial da lissafin kusurwar radar laser, tsarin zai iya samun nisa na abu a gaba. Haɓaka ɗaukar hoto da bayanin nisa.

Bayan haka, idan lidar zai iya fitar da na'urori masu yawa a kusurwar da aka saita a cikin sarari guda, zai iya samun sigina masu yawa da aka nuna bisa ga cikas.Haɗe tare da kewayon lokaci, kusurwar binciken laser, matsayi na GPS da bayanin INS, bayan sarrafa bayanai, waɗannan bayanan za a haɗa su tare da haɗin gwiwar x, y, z don zama sigina mai girma uku tare da bayanin nesa, bayanin matsayi na sararin samaniya, da dai sauransu. algorithms, tsarin zai iya samun nau'o'i daban-daban masu alaka kamar layi, saman, da kundin, ta haka ne ya kafa taswirar girgije mai girma uku da zana taswirar muhalli, wanda zai iya zama "idanun" na mota.

3. Sarkar masana'antar Lidar

1) Mai watsawaguntu: 905nm EEL guntu Osram rinjaye yana da wuya a canza, amma bayan VCSEL ya cika guntun wutar lantarki ta hanyar tsarin haɗin gwiwar da yawa, saboda ƙananan farashi da ƙananan yanayin yanayin zafin jiki, sannu a hankali zai gane maye gurbin EEL, guntu na gida Changguang. Huaxin, Zonghui Xinguang ya haifar da damar ci gaba.

2) Mai karɓa: Kamar yadda hanyar 905nm ke buƙatar haɓaka nisa na ganowa, ana sa ran cewa SiPM da SPAD za su zama babban yanayi. 1550nm zai ci gaba da amfani da APD, kuma madaidaicin samfuran da ke da alaƙa yana da girma. A halin yanzu, Sony, Hamamatsu da ON Semiconductor ne suka mamaye shi. Ana sa ran 1550nm core Citrix da 905nm Nanjing Core Vision da Lingming Photonics za su jagoranci shiga.

3) Ƙarshen Calibration: SemiconductorLaser yana da karamin resonator rami da matalauta tabo ingancin. Domin saduwa da ma'auni na lidar, gatari mai sauri da jinkirin suna buƙatar daidaitawa don daidaitawar gani, kuma ana buƙatar daidaita tushen hasken layin. Darajar lidar guda ɗaruruwan yuan ne.

4) TEC: Tun da Osram ya warware yanayin zafi na EEL, VCSEL a zahiri yana da ƙarancin yanayin zafin jiki, don haka lidar baya buƙatar TEC.

5) Ƙarshen dubawa: Babban shinge na madubi mai juyawa shine sarrafa lokaci, kuma tsarin MEMS yana da wuyar gaske. Fasahar Xijing ita ce ta farko da ta cimma nasarar samar da yawa.

4. Tekun taurari a ƙarƙashin maye gurbin kayayyakin gida

Ƙaddamar da lidar ba wai kawai don cimma maye gurbin gida da 'yancin kai na fasaha don hana ƙasashen yammacin Turai su makale ba, har ma wani muhimmin mahimmanci shine rage farashi.

Farashin mai araha abu ne da ba za a iya gujewa ba, duk da haka, farashin lidar ba shi da ƙasa, farashin saka na'urar lidar guda ɗaya a cikin mota kusan dalar Amurka 10,000 ne.

Yawan tsadar lidar ya kasance inuwarta ce ta daɗe, musamman don ƙarin ingantattun hanyoyin magance lidar, babban takurawa galibi tsada ne; Lidar ana daukarsa a matsayin fasaha mai tsada ta masana'antu, kuma Tesla a fili ya bayyana cewa Criticizing lidar yana da tsada.

Masana'antun Lidar koyaushe suna neman rage farashi, kuma yayin da fasahar ke tasowa, a hankali tunaninsu yana zama gaskiya.Lidar zuƙowa mai hankali na ƙarni na biyu ba kawai yana da kyakkyawan aiki ba, har ma yana rage farashin da kashi biyu bisa uku idan aka kwatanta da ƙarni na farko, kuma yana da ƙarami a girman.Dangane da hasashen masana'antu, nan da 2025, matsakaicin farashin tsarin lidar ci-gaba na ƙasashen waje na iya kaiwa kusan $700 kowanne.

Halin ci gaba na masana'antar lidar a halin yanzu shine cewa matakin fasaha yana ƙara girma a kowace rana, kuma ƙaddamarwa yana gabatowa a hankali.Matsakaicin LiDAR ya wuce matakai da yawa. Na farko, kamfanonin kasashen waje ne suka mamaye ta. Daga baya, kamfanonin cikin gida sun fara kuma sun kara nauyi. Yanzu, rinjaye a hankali yana matsawa kusa da kamfanonin cikin gida.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, guguwar tukin mota ta kunno kai, kuma masana'antar lidar na gida sun shiga kasuwa sannu a hankali. Kayayyakin lidar na cikin gida na masana'antu sun zama sananne a hankali. A cikin motocin lantarki na cikin gida, kamfanonin lidar na gida sun bayyana daya bayan daya.

Kamar yadda bayanai suka nuna, ya kamata a samu kamfanonin rada na cikin gida guda 20 ko 30, kamar Sagitar Juchuang, Hesai Technology, Beike Tianhui, Leishen Intelligence, da dai sauransu, da kuma katafaren kayan masarufi na lantarki irin su DJI da Huawei, da kuma manyan kamfanonin kera motoci na gargajiya. .

A halin yanzu, fa'idar farashin kayayyakin lidar da masana'antun kasar Sin irin su Hesai, da DJI, da Sagitar Juchuang suka kaddamar a bayyane yake, wanda ya karya matsayin kasashen da suka ci gaba kamar Amurka a wannan fanni.Akwai kuma kamfanoni irin su Focuslight Technology, Han's Laser, Guangku Technology, Luowei Technology, Hesai Technology, Zhongji Innolight, Kongwei Laser, da Juxing Technology. Tsari da ƙwarewar masana'antu suna haifar da ƙima a cikin lidar.

A halin yanzu, ana iya raba shi zuwa makarantu biyu, ɗayan yana haɓaka injin lidar, ɗayan kuma yana kulle samfuran lidar ɗin kai tsaye.A fagen tuki mai saurin gaske, Hesai yana da babban kaso na kasuwa; a fagen tuki mai saurin gudu, Sagitar Juchuang shine babban masana'anta.

Daga mahangar sama da kasa na dukkan sarkar masana'antu, kasata ta noma manyan masana'antu da dama kuma ta samar da cikakkiyar sarkar masana'antu.Bayan shekaru na ci gaba da saka hannun jari da tarin gogewa, kamfanonin radar na cikin gida sun yi ƙoƙari mai zurfi a cikin sassan kasuwannin su, suna gabatar da tsarin kasuwa na furanni masu fure.

Samar da yawan jama'a alama ce mai mahimmanci na balaga. Tare da shigarwa cikin samar da yawa, farashin kuma yana faɗuwa sosai. Kamfanin DJI ya sanar a watan Agustan shekarar 2020 cewa, ya sami nasarar samarwa da kuma samar da lidar tuki mai sarrafa kansa, kuma farashin ya ragu zuwa Yuan dubu. ; Kuma Huawei, a cikin 2016 don gudanar da bincike-bincike a kan fasahar lidar, don yin tabbaci a cikin 2017, da kuma cimma nasarar samar da yawa a cikin 2020.

Idan aka kwatanta da radars da aka shigo da su, kamfanoni na gida suna da fa'ida dangane da lokacin samar da kayayyaki, gyare-gyaren ayyuka, haɗin gwiwar sabis da ma'ana ta tashoshi.

Farashin siyan lidar da aka shigo da shi yana da yawa. Don haka, ƙarancin farashi na lidar gida shine mabuɗin mamaye kasuwa kuma muhimmin ƙarfin motsa jiki don maye gurbin gida. Tabbas, matsaloli masu amfani da yawa kamar sararin rage farashi da balaga yawan samar da kayayyaki har yanzu suna cikin kasar Sin. Har yanzu kasuwanci na fuskantar kalubale da dama.

Tun lokacin da aka haife shi, masana'antar lidar ta nuna kyawawan halaye na babban matakin fasaha.A matsayin fasaha mai tasowa tare da babban shahara a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fasahar lidar a zahiri tana da manyan shingen fasaha.Fasaha ba kawai kalubale ce ga kamfanonin da ke son shiga kasuwa ba, har ma da kalubale ga kamfanonin da ke cikinta shekaru da yawa.

A halin yanzu, don musanya cikin gida, saboda lidar chips, musamman abubuwan da ake buƙata don sarrafa sigina, galibi suna dogara ne akan shigo da kaya, wannan ya ɗaga farashin samar da lidar cikin gida zuwa wani matsayi. Aikin wuyan makale yana tafiya duka don magance matsalar.

Baya ga abubuwan fasaha na kansu, kamfanonin radar na cikin gida kuma suna buƙatar haɓaka cikakkiyar damar aiki, gami da bincike na fasaha da tsarin haɓakawa, sarƙoƙi na samar da ƙarfi da ƙarfin samar da yawa, musamman damar tabbatar da ingancin bayan tallace-tallace.

A karkashin damar "An yi a kasar Sin 2025", masana'antun cikin gida suna ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kuma sun sami ci gaba da yawa.A halin yanzu, zama gida yana cikin lokacin da dama da ƙalubale suka bayyana musamman, kuma shine matakin ginshiƙan sauya shigo da lidar.

Na hudu, aikace-aikacen saukarwa shine kalma ta ƙarshe

Ba ƙari ba ne a ce aikace-aikacen lidar ya haifar da haɓakar lokaci, kuma babban kasuwancinsa ya fito ne daga manyan kasuwanni guda hudu, wato masana'antu automation., kayan aikin fasaha, robots da motoci.

Ana samun ci gaba mai ƙarfi a fagen tuƙi mai cin gashin kansa, kuma kasuwar lidar mota za ta ci gajiyar shigar manyan tuƙi mai cin gashin kai tare da kiyaye haɓaka cikin sauri.Yawancin kamfanonin mota sun karɓi maganin lidar, suna ɗaukar matakin farko zuwa L3 da L4 tuƙi masu cin gashin kansu.

2022 yana zama taga canji daga L2 zuwa L3/L4. A matsayin babban maɓalli na firikwensin fasahar tuƙi mai cin gashin kansa, lidar ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin fagage masu alaƙa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Ana sa ran daga shekarar 2023, hanyar lidar motar za ta shiga ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaba da sauri.

A cewar wani rahoton bincike na Securities, a shekarar 2022, na'urorin lidar motocin fasinja na kasar Sin za su zarce raka'a 80,000. Ana sa ran kasuwar lidar a filin motocin fasinja na kasata zai kai yuan biliyan 26.1 a shekarar 2025 da yuan biliyan 98 nan da shekarar 2030.Mota lidar ta shiga lokacin buƙatun fashewar abubuwa, kuma hasashen kasuwa yana da faɗi sosai.

Unmanned wani yanayi ne a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma ba za a iya raba shi da idanu na hikima ba - tsarin kewayawa.Kewayawa Laser yana da ɗan girma a fasaha da saukowar samfur, kuma yana da daidaitaccen jeri, kuma yana iya aiki a tsaye a yawancin mahalli, musamman a cikin dare mai duhu. Hakanan yana iya kiyaye ingantaccen ganowa. A halin yanzu ita ce mafi kwanciyar hankali kuma mafi mahimmancin matsayi da hanyar kewayawa.A takaice dai, dangane da aikace-aikacen, ka'idar kewayawa ta Laser yana da sauƙi kuma fasahar ta balaga.

Ba tare da mutum ba, ya shiga cikin fagagen gine-gine, ma'adinai, kawar da haɗari, sabis, aikin gona, binciken sararin samaniya da aikace-aikacen soja. Lidar ya zama hanyar kewayawa gama gari a cikin wannan mahallin.

Tun daga shekarar 2019, an ƙara yin amfani da radars na cikin gida a cikin ainihin ayyukan abokan ciniki, maimakon kawai gwajin samfuri a cikin taron.2019 shine mahimmin ruwa ga kamfanonin lidar na cikin gida. Aikace-aikacen kasuwa sannu a hankali sun shiga cikin ainihin shari'o'in aikin, faɗaɗa yanayin aikace-aikace da fa'ida, neman kasuwanni daban-daban, da zama zaɓi na gama gari ga kamfanoni. .

Aikace-aikacen lidar a hankali ya yadu, gami da masana'antar mara direba, mutum-mutumin sabismasana'antu, Intanet na masana'antar ababen hawa, sufuri mai hankali, da birni mai wayo. Haɗin lidar da jirage marasa matuki kuma na iya zana taswirorin teku, tudun kankara, da dazuzzuka.

Rashin mutum shine mafi mahimmancin fasalin dabaru masu wayo. A cikin sufuri da rarraba kayan aiki masu wayo, za a yi amfani da fasaha mai yawa na fasaha maras amfani - na'urori masu amfani da wayar hannu da kuma motocin da ba a iya amfani da su ba, babban abin da ke ciki shine lidar.

A fagen dabarun dabaru, ikon yin amfani da lidar shima yana karuwa kowace rana. Ko daga sarrafawa zuwa wurin ajiya ko kayan aiki, ana iya rufe lidar gabaɗaya kuma a faɗaɗa shi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa masu wayo, sufuri mai wayo, tsaro mai wayo, sabis na wayo, da kyakkyawan shugabanci na birni.

A cikin yanayin kayan aiki kamar tashar jiragen ruwa, lidar na iya tabbatar da daidaiton kama kayan da kuma rage wahalar ayyukan ma'aikata.Dangane da harkokin sufuri, lidar na iya taimakawa wajen gano kofofin kuɗi masu sauri da kuma tabbatar da cewa motocin da ke wucewa sun cika ka'idodin.Dangane da tsaro, lidar na iya zama idanun kayan aikin tsaro daban-daban.

A fagen masana'antu masana'antu, ana nuna darajar lidar koyaushe. A cikin layin samarwa, zai iya sakin rawar da kayan saka idanu da kuma tabbatar da aiki ta atomatik.

Lidar (Gano Haske da Ragewa) fasaha ce ta hangen nesa mai nisa wacce ke ƙara fitowa a matsayin madadin farashi mai tsada ga dabarun binciken gargajiya kamar hoto.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, lidar da drones sau da yawa sun bayyana a wurare daban-daban na aikace-aikace a cikin nau'i na haɗin hannu, sau da yawa suna haifar da tasirin 1 + 1> 2.

Hanyar fasaha na lidar yana inganta kullum. Babu wani tsarin gine-gine na lidar na gaba ɗaya wanda zai iya biyan bukatun duk aikace-aikace daban-daban. Yawancin aikace-aikace daban daban suna da dalilai daban-daban, filayen ra'ayi, ƙuduri, yawan amfani da farashi. bukata

Lidar yana da fa'idodi, amma yadda ake haɓaka fa'idodin yana buƙatar tallafin fasaha. Lidar zuƙowa mai hankali na iya gina hotunan sitiriyo mai girma uku, daidaitaccen warware matsananciyar yanayi kamar hasken baya na layukan gani da wahalar gano abubuwa marasa tsari.Tare da haɓakar fasaha, lidar zai taka rawarsa a yawancin filayen aikace-aikacen da ba zato ba tsammani, yana kawo mana ƙarin abubuwan ban mamaki.

A zamanin yau lokacin da farashi ke sarki, radars masu tsada ba su taɓa zama zaɓin babban kasuwa ba. Musamman a aikace-aikacen tuki mai cin gashin kansa na L3, tsadar radar kasashen waje har yanzu shine babban cikas ga aiwatar da shi. Yana da mahimmanci a gane shigo da canji na radars na cikin gida.

Lidar ya kasance wakilin ci gaba da aikace-aikacen fasaha masu tasowa. Ko fasahar ta balaga ko a'a tana da alaƙa da aikace-aikacenta da haɓaka samar da yawa.Balagagge fasahar ba kawai samuwa, amma kuma a layi tare da tattalin arziki halin kaka, daidaita zuwa daban-daban al'amura, da kuma zama lafiya isa.

Bayan shekaru da yawa na tarin fasaha, ana ci gaba da ƙaddamar da sabbin samfuran lidar, kuma tare da ci gaban fasaha, aikace-aikacen su sun ƙara ƙaruwa.Hakanan yanayin aikace-aikacen yana ƙaruwa, kuma an fitar da wasu samfuran zuwa manyan kasuwanni a Turai da Amurka.

Tabbas, kamfanonin lidar suma suna fuskantar haɗari masu zuwa: rashin tabbas a cikin buƙata, dogon lokacin da ake ɗauka don haɓaka yawan samarwa, da kuma tsawon lokaci don samar da ainihin kudaden shiga a matsayin mai samarwa.

Kamfanonin cikin gida da suka taru a fannin lidar tsawon shekaru da yawa, za su yi aiki sosai a sassan kasuwannin nasu, amma idan har suna son su mallaki hannun jarin kasuwa, dole ne su hada tarin fasahar nasu, su zurfafa cikin fasahar kere-kere, da bunkasa da inganta su. samfurori. Quality da kwanciyar hankali aiki tukuru.