Magance matsalolin da amfani da motocin lantarki ke haifarwa ta hanyar maye gurbin batura masu amfani da wutar lantarki

Wannan ya haɗa da farashin abin hawa na farko, farashin mai, farashin wutar lantarki da farashin maye gurbin batir EV.Batura yawanci ana ƙididdige su na mil 100,000 da kewayon shekaru 8, kuma motoci yawanci suna wucewa sau biyu.Mai shi zai iya sayan baturin da zai maye gurbin tsawon rayuwar abin hawa, wanda zai iya yin tsada sosai.

Farashin kowane mil don azuzuwan abin hawa daban-daban bisa ga NREL

Mai yiwuwa masu karatu sun ga rahotannin cewa EVs farashin bai kai motocin mai ba; duk da haka, waɗannan yawanci sun dogara ne akan "nazarin" waɗanda "manta" sun haɗa da farashin maye gurbin baturi.Kwararrun masana tattalin arziki a EIA da NREL ana ƙarfafa su don guje wa son zuciya saboda yana rage daidaito.Aikinsu shi ne hasashen abin da zai faru, ba abin da suke so ya faru ba.

Batura masu canzawa suna rage farashin motocin lantarki ta:

Yawancin motoci suna tafiyar ƙasa da mil 45 kowace rana.Bayan haka, a cikin kwanaki da yawa, za su iya amfani da baturi mai rahusa, mai ƙarancin farashi (a ce, mil 100) kuma su yi cajin shi cikin dare.A kan doguwar tafiye-tafiye, za su iya amfani da mafi tsada, batura masu dorewa, ko maye gurbin su akai-akai.

Masu mallakar EV na yanzu na iya maye gurbin batura bayan faɗuwar ƙarfin 20% zuwa 35%.Koyaya, batirin da za'a iya maye gurbinsu ya daɗe saboda ana samun su azaman ƙananan ƙarfin batura idan sun tsufa.Direbobi ba za su ga bambanci tsakanin sabon baturi 150 kWh da tsohon baturi 300 kWh wanda ya ragu da kashi 50%.Dukansu za su nuna kamar 150 kWh a cikin tsarin.Lokacin da batura suka daɗe sau biyu, batir suna tsada sau biyu kaɗan.

Tashoshin caji mai sauri cikin haɗarin asarar kuɗi

Lokacin da kuka ga tashar caji mai sauri, nawa kashi nawa ake amfani dashi? A yawancin lokuta, ba yawa ba.Hakan na faruwa ne saboda rashin dacewa da tsadar caji, da saukin caji a gida, da rashin isassun motocin lantarki.Kuma ƙananan amfani sau da yawa yana haifar da farashin dandamali fiye da kudaden shiga na dandamali.Lokacin da wannan ya faru, tashoshi na iya amfani da kuɗin gwamnati ko kuɗin saka hannun jari don biyan asara; duk da haka, waɗannan "magungunan" ba su dawwama.Tashoshin wutar lantarki suna da tsada saboda tsadar kayan aikin caji da sauri da kuma tsadar sabis na lantarki.Misali, ana buƙatar 150 kW na ƙarfin grid don cajin baturi 50 kWh a cikin mintuna 20 (150 kW × [20 ÷ 60]).Wannan shine adadin wutar lantarki da gidaje 120 ke cinyewa, kuma kayan aikin grid don tallafawa wannan yana da tsada (matsakaicin gidan Amurka yana cinye 1.2 kW).

Don haka, yawancin tashoshi masu cajin sauri ba su da damar yin amfani da grid mai yawa, wanda ke nufin ba za su iya yin saurin cajin motoci da yawa a lokaci guda ba.Wannan yana haifar da abubuwan da suka faru masu zuwa: a hankali caji, ƙarancin gamsuwar abokin ciniki, ƙarancin amfani da tashoshi, ƙarin farashi ga kowane abokin ciniki, ƙarancin ribar tashar, da kuma ƙarancin masu mallakar tasha.

Garin da ke da EVs da yawa kuma galibi akan titi yana da yuwuwar yin caji cikin sauri don ƙarin tattalin arziki.A madadin haka, tashoshi masu saurin caji a ƙauye ko yankunan karkara galibi suna cikin haɗarin asarar kuɗi.

Batura masu musanyawa suna rage haɗari ga yuwuwar tattalin arziƙin tashoshin caji da sauri saboda dalilai masu zuwa:

Ana iya cajin batura a ɗakunan musanya na ƙasa a hankali, rage ƙarfin sabis da ake buƙata da rage farashin cajin kayan aiki.

Batura a dakin musanya na iya zana wuta da daddare ko kuma lokacin da sabbin hanyoyin sabuntawa suka cika kuma farashin wutar lantarki yayi ƙasa.

Kayayyakin ƙasa da ba safai ba suna cikin haɗarin zama ƙasa kuma mafi tsada

Nan da shekarar 2021, za a kera kusan motocin lantarki miliyan 7 a duk duniya.Idan an haɓaka samar da sau 12 kuma ana sarrafa shi tsawon shekaru 18, motocin lantarki na iya maye gurbin motocin gas biliyan 1.5 a duk duniya kuma suna lalata sufuri (miliyan 7 × 18 shekaru × 12).Koyaya, EVs yawanci suna amfani da lithium, cobalt da nickel, kuma ba a san abin da zai faru da farashin waɗannan kayan ba idan amfani ya ƙaru sosai.

Farashin batir EV yawanci yana faɗuwa kowace shekara.Koyaya, hakan bai faru ba a cikin 2022 saboda ƙarancin kayan aiki.Abin takaici, abubuwan da ba kasafai ba na duniya na iya ƙara zama da wuya, wanda zai haifar da ƙarin farashin baturi.

Batura masu maye gurbin suna rage dogaro ga kayan ƙasa da ba kasafai ba saboda suna iya sauƙin aiki tare da ƙananan fasaha waɗanda ke amfani da ƙarancin kayan ƙasa (misali, baturan LFP ba sa amfani da cobalt).

Jiran caji wani lokaci yana da wahala

Batura masu sauyawa suna rage lokacin mai saboda maye gurbin suna da sauri.

Direbobi wani lokaci suna damuwa game da iyaka da caji

Musanya zai zama mai sauƙi idan kuna da ɗakunan musanyawa da yawa da batura masu yawa a cikin tsarin.

Ana fitar da CO2 lokacin da ake kona iskar gas don samar da wutar lantarki

Yawancin lokaci ana yin amfani da grid ta hanyoyi da yawa.Alal misali, a kowane lokaci, birni yana iya samun kashi 20 na wutar lantarki daga makamashin nukiliya, kashi 3 daga hasken rana, kashi 7 daga iska, da kuma kashi 70 daga cikin ɗari na iskar gas.Gonakin hasken rana na samar da wutar lantarki a lokacin da rana ke haskakawa, kamfanonin iska na samar da wutar lantarki idan ana iska, sauran hanyoyin ba su da yawa.

Lokacin da mutum yayi cajin EV, aƙalla tushen wuta ɗayaa kan grid yana ƙara fitarwa.Sau da yawa, mutum ɗaya ne kawai ke shiga saboda la'akari daban-daban, kamar farashi.Har ila yau, abin da ake samu a gonar hasken rana ba zai iya canzawa ba tun lokacin da rana ta faɗi kuma an riga an cinye ikonta.A madadin, idan gonar hasken rana ta kasance "cikakkun" (watau watsar da wutar lantarki saboda yana da yawa), to yana iya ƙara yawan kayan aiki maimakon jefar da shi.Mutane na iya cajin EVs ba tare da fitar da CO2 a tushe ba.

Batura masu sauyawa suna rage hayakin CO2 daga samar da wutar lantarki saboda ana iya cajin batura lokacin da hanyoyin makamashi masu sabuntawa suka cika.

Ana fitar da CO2 lokacin da ake hakar kayan ƙasa da ba kasafai ba da yin batura

Batura masu maye gurbin suna rage hayakin CO2 a samar da baturi saboda ana iya amfani da ƙananan batura masu amfani da ƙarancin kayan ƙasa.

Sufuri Matsala ce ta Dala Tiriliyan 30

Akwai motocin iskar gas kusan biliyan 1.5 a duniya, kuma idan aka maye gurbinsu da motocin lantarki, kowanne zai ci $20,000, akan jimillar dala tiriliyan 30 (dala biliyan 1.5 × 20,000).Kudin R&D zai zama barata idan, alal misali, an rage su da 10% ta hanyar ɗaruruwan biliyoyin daloli na ƙarin R&D.Muna buƙatar ganin sufuri a matsayin matsalar dala tiriliyan 30 kuma mu yi aiki daidai-wato, ƙarin R&D.Koyaya, ta yaya R&D zai iya rage farashin batura masu maye? Za mu iya farawa ta hanyar binciken injuna waɗanda ke shigar da kayan aikin ƙarƙashin ƙasa ta atomatik.

a karshe

Don ciyar da batura masu maye gurbin gaba, gwamnatoci ko gidauniyoyi na iya bayar da kuɗi don haɓaka daidaitattun tsare-tsare masu zuwa:

· Tsarin batir abin hawa lantarki musanya na lantarki

· Tsarin sadarwa tsakanin baturin EV da cajiinji

· Tsarin sadarwa tsakanin mota da tashar musayar baturi

· Tsarin sadarwa tsakanin grid wutar lantarki da allon nunin abin hawa

· Mai amfani da wayar hannu da tsarin tsarin biyan kuɗi

· Musanya, ajiya da hanyoyin caji masu girma dabam dabam

Ƙirƙirar cikakken tsarin har zuwa samfurin samfur na iya kashe dubban miliyoyin daloli; duk da haka, aika aika a duniya zai iya jawo asarar biliyoyin daloli.