[Abstract]Energyarfin hydrogen wani nau'i ne na makamashi na biyu tare da wadataccen tushe, kore da ƙarancin carbon, da aikace-aikace mai faɗi. Yana iya taimaka manyan-sikelin amfani da sabunta makamashi, gane manyan-sikelin kololuwa aske wutar lantarki da makamashi ajiya fadin yanayi da yankuna, da kuma hanzarta inganta masana'antu , yi, sufuri da sauran filayen low carbon.Kasata tana da tushe mai kyau don samar da hydrogen da kuma kasuwar aikace-aikace mai girma, kuma tana da fa'ida sosai wajen haɓaka makamashin hydrogen.Haɓaka haɓaka masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci don taimakawa ƙasata cimma burin kawar da iskar carbon.A ‘yan kwanakin da suka gabata, Hukumar Bunkasa Kasa da Gyara ta Kasa da Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Kasa tare da hadin gwiwa sun fitar da “tsarin matsakaita da tsayin daka don bunkasa masana’antar makamashin hydrogen (2021-2035)”.Ci gaba da amfani da makamashin hydrogen yana haifar da juyin juya halin makamashi mai zurfi. Makamashin hydrogen ya zama sabon ka'ida don fatattakar matsalar makamashi da gina tsaftataccen tsarin makamashin zamani, maras ƙarancin carbon, aminci da ingantaccen tsarin makamashi na zamani.
Rikicin makamashi ya bude hanyar binciken ci gaba da amfani da makamashin hydrogen.
Energyarfin hydrogen a matsayin madadin makamashi ya shiga fagen hangen nesa na mutane, wanda za a iya gano shi tun shekarun 1970.A wancan lokacin yakin gabas ta tsakiya ya janyo matsalar man fetur a duniya. Domin kawar da dogaro da mai da ake shigowa da shi daga waje, Amurka ta fara ba da shawarar manufar "tattalin arzikin hydrogen", tana mai cewa a nan gaba, hydrogen zai iya maye gurbin mai kuma ya zama babban makamashi mai tallafawa harkokin sufuri na duniya.Daga shekarar 1960 zuwa 2000, tantanin man fetur, muhimmin kayan aiki na amfani da makamashin hydrogen, ya bunkasa cikin sauri, kuma aikace-aikacensa a sararin samaniya, samar da wutar lantarki da sufuri ya tabbatar da yuwuwar makamashin hydrogen a matsayin tushen makamashi na biyu.Masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen ta shiga cikin ƙarancin yanayi a kusa da 2010.Amma sakin motar “nan gaba” ta Toyota a cikin 2014 ya haifar da ƙarin haɓakar hydrogen.Bayan haka, kasashe da dama sun yi nasarar fitar da hanyoyin dabarun bunkasa makamashin hydrogen, wadanda suka fi mayar da hankali kan samar da wutar lantarki da sufuri don bunkasa ci gaban masana'antun makamashin hydrogen da man fetur; EU ta fitar da dabarun makamashin hydrogen na EU a cikin 2020, da nufin haɓaka makamashin hydrogen a cikin masana'antu, sufuri, samar da wutar lantarki da sauran aikace-aikace a dukkan fannoni; a cikin 2020, Amurka ta fitar da "Tsarin Ci Gaban Tsarin Makamashi na Hydrogen", ta tsara wasu mahimman bayanai na fasaha da na tattalin arziki, kuma ana sa ran za su zama jagorar kasuwa a cikin sarkar masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen.Ya zuwa yanzu, kasashen da ke da kashi 75% na tattalin arzikin duniya sun kaddamar da manufofin bunkasa makamashin hydrogen don inganta ci gaban makamashin hydrogen.
Idan aka kwatanta da kasashen da suka ci gaba, masana'antar makamashin hydrogen ta kasata har yanzu tana kan matakin farko na ci gaba.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙasata ta fi mai da hankali ga masana'antar makamashin hydrogen.A cikin Maris 2019, an rubuta makamashin hydrogen a cikin "Rahoton Ayyuka na Gwamnati" a karon farko, yana hanzarta gina kayan aiki kamar caji da hydrogenation a cikin jama'a; Kunshe a cikin nau'in makamashi; a watan Satumba na 2020, sassan biyar da suka hada da Ma'aikatar Kudi, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai za su gudanar da zanga-zangar aikace-aikacen motocin man fetur tare da ba da lada ga ƙungiyoyin biranen da suka cancanta don masana'antu da aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen manyan fasahohi na motocin salula. A cikin watan Oktoba na shekarar 2021, kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar kwaminis ta kasar Sin da majalisar gudanarwar kasar Sin sun ba da shawarar "Ra'ayoyin aiwatar da sabon ra'ayin raya kasa gaba daya da kuma yin aiki mai kyau wajen kawar da sinadarin Carbon" don daidaita tsarin ci gaban dukkan sassan makamashin hydrogen. "samarwa-ajiya-watsawa-amfani"; A watan Maris na 2022, Hukumar Ci gaba da Gyara ta Kasa ta ba da "Matsakaici da Tsare-Tsaren Tsare-Tsaren Ci Gaban Masana'antar Makamashi ta Hydrogen (2021-2035)", kuma an gano makamashin hydrogen a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na tsarin makamashi na kasa nan gaba. maɓalli don gane kore da ƙananan canjin carbon na tashoshi masu amfani da makamashi. Wani muhimmin mai ɗaukar kaya, an gano masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen a matsayin masana'antar da ke tasowa mai mahimmanci da kuma babban jagorar ci gaban masana'antu na gaba.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen ta ƙasata ta sami ci gaba cikin sauri, ta asali ta rufe dukkan sassan samar da hydrogen-ajiya- watsa.
Babban sarkar masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen shine samar da hydrogen. kasata ita ce kasa mafi girma wajen samar da hydrogen a duniya, tana da karfin samar da hydrogen na kusan tan miliyan 33.Dangane da tsananin iskar carbon na tsarin samarwa, hydrogen ya kasu kashi "Hadarin launin toka", "Hydrogen blue" da "Hydrojin kore".hydrogen mai launin toka yana nufin hydrogen da ake samarwa ta hanyar kona albarkatun mai, kuma za a sami hayaki mai yawa carbon dioxide yayin aikin samarwa; hydrogen blue ya dogara ne akan hydrogen mai launin toka, yana amfani da fasahar kama carbon da fasahar ajiya don cimma nasarar samar da hydrogen mai ƙarancin carbon; Green hydrogen ana samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa kamar hasken rana da wutar lantarki ana amfani da wutar lantarki don samar da ruwa don samar da hydrogen, kuma babu hayakin carbon a cikin tsarin samar da hydrogen.A halin yanzu, samar da hydrogen na kasata ya mamaye samar da sinadarin hydrogen na kwal, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 80%.A nan gaba, yayin da farashin samar da wutar lantarki da ake sabuntawa ke ci gaba da raguwa, adadin sinadarin hydrogen zai karu kowace shekara, kuma ana sa ran zai kai kashi 70% a shekarar 2050.
Tsakanin sarkar masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen shine ajiyar hydrogen da sufuri. An sayar da fasahar ajiyar iskar gas mai tsananin matsin lamba da fasahar sufuri kuma ita ce mafi girman tsarin ajiyar makamashin hydrogen da hanyar sufuri.Tirela mai tsayin bututu yana da babban sassaucin sufuri kuma ya dace da gajeriyar nisa, jigilar hydrogen mai ƙaramin ƙarfi; Ma'ajiyar ruwa ta hydrogen da ma'adinin hydrogen mai ƙarfi ba sa buƙatar tasoshin matsa lamba, kuma jigilar kaya ta dace, wanda shine jagorar manyan ma'aunin makamashin hydrogen da sufuri a nan gaba.
Ƙarƙashin sarkar masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen shine cikakken aikace-aikacen hydrogen. A matsayin albarkatun kasa na masana'antu, ana iya amfani da hydrogen a ko'ina a cikin man fetur, sinadarai, ƙarfe, lantarki, likitanci da sauran fannoni. Bugu da ƙari, hydrogen kuma za a iya canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki da zafi ta hanyar ƙwayoyin man fetur na hydrogen ko injunan konewa na ciki. , wanda zai iya rufe dukkan bangarorin samarwa da rayuwa.Nan da shekara ta 2060, ana sa ran bukatar makamashin hydrogen na kasata zai kai tan miliyan 130, wanda bukatar masana'antu ta mamaye, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 60%, kuma bangaren sufuri zai fadada zuwa kashi 31% a kowace shekara.
Ci gaba da amfani da makamashin hydrogen yana haifar da juyin juya halin makamashi mai zurfi.
Energyarfin hydrogen yana da fa'idodin aikace-aikace a fannoni da yawa kamar sufuri, masana'antu, gini da wutar lantarki.
A fannin sufuri, zirga-zirgar titina mai nisa, layin dogo, sufurin jiragen sama da jigilar kayayyaki suna la'akari da makamashin hydrogen a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke rage hayakin Carbon.A wannan mataki, kasata ta fi mamaye motocin bas din hydrogen da manyan motoci, wadanda adadinsu ya zarce 6,000.Dangane da daidaitattun ababen more rayuwa, ƙasata ta gina sama da tashoshin samar da iskar hydrogen guda 250, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 40% na adadin duniya, matsayi na farko a duniya.Bisa kididdigar da kwamitin shirya wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi na birnin Beijing ya fitar, an ce, wannan gasar wasannin Olympics ta lokacin sanyi, za ta nuna yadda ake gudanar da aikin motoci sama da 1,000 na makamashin hydrogen, da ke dauke da tashoshi sama da 30 da ake amfani da man fetur na hydrogen, wanda shi ne mafi girma da aka yi amfani da motocin dakon mai a cikin kasar. duniya.
A halin yanzu, filin da ke da mafi girman kaso na aikace-aikacen makamashin hydrogen a cikin ƙasata shine fannin masana'antu.Baya ga kaddarorinsa na makamashin makamashi, makamashin hydrogen shima wani muhimmin albarkatun masana'antu ne.Hydrogen na iya maye gurbin coke da iskar gas a matsayin wakili mai ragewa, wanda zai iya kawar da yawancin hayakin carbon a cikin matakan ƙarfe da ƙarfe.Yin amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa da wutar lantarki don samar da ruwa don samar da hydrogen, sa'an nan kuma hada samfuran sinadarai irin su ammonia da methanol, yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan carbon da rage fitar da iska a cikin masana'antar sinadarai.
Haɗin makamashin hydrogen da gine-gine shine sabon ra'ayi na ginin kore wanda ya fito a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Filin gine-gine yana buƙatar cinye makamashi mai yawa na wutar lantarki da makamashin zafi, kuma an jera shi a matsayin manyan gidaje uku "masu amfani da makamashi" a cikin ƙasata tare da filin sufuri da filin masana'antu.Tsabtataccen ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na ƙwayoyin man fetur na hydrogen shine kawai kusan 50%, yayin da ingantaccen ƙarfin haɗaɗɗun zafi da ƙarfi zai iya kaiwa 85%. Yayin da kwayoyin man fetur na hydrogen ke samar da wutar lantarki ga gine-gine, za'a iya dawo da zafin sharar gida don dumama da ruwan zafi.Dangane da safarar hydrogen zuwa tashoshi na ginin, ana iya haɗa hydrogen da iskar gas a ƙasa da kashi 20 cikin ɗari tare da taimakon cikakkiyar hanyar sadarwa ta bututun iskar gas na gida da jigilar zuwa dubban gidaje.An kiyasta cewa a shekara ta 2050, kashi 10% na dumama gine-gine a duniya da kashi 8% na makamashin gini za a samar da su ta hanyar hydrogen, wanda zai rage fitar da iskar Carbon dioxide da tan miliyan 700 a kowace shekara.
A fannin wutar lantarki, saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali na makamashi mai sabuntawa, makamashin hydrogen zai iya zama sabon nau'in ajiyar makamashi ta hanyar canza wutar lantarki-hydrogen-lantarki.A lokacin ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ana samar da hydrogen ta hanyar samar da ruwa mai amfani da ruwa tare da ragowar makamashi mai sabuntawa, kuma ana adana shi a cikin nau'in iskar gas mai ƙarfi, ruwa mai ƙarancin zafi, ruwa mai ƙarfi ko kayan ƙarfi; a lokacin kololuwar lokacin amfani da wutar lantarki, hydrogen ɗin da aka adana yana wucewa ta hanyar mai Batura ko na'urorin turbine na hydrogen suna samar da wutar lantarki, wanda ake ciyar da shi cikin grid na jama'a.Ma'aunin ajiyar ajiyar makamashin hydrogen ya fi girma, har zuwa kilowatts miliyan 1, kuma lokacin ajiyar ya fi tsayi. Ana iya aiwatar da ajiyar lokaci bisa ga bambancin fitarwa na makamashin rana, makamashin iska, da albarkatun ruwa.A watan Agustan shekarar 2019, an kaddamar da aikin adana makamashin makamashin hydrogen na farko na kasata a birnin Lu'an na lardin Anhui, kuma an yi nasarar hada shi da na'urar samar da wutar lantarki a shekarar 2022.
A sa'i daya kuma, hada-hadar electro-hydrogen shima zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gina tsarin samar da makamashi na zamani a kasar ta.
Daga mahangar tsabta da ƙarancin carbon, babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi don rage carbon a fagage da yawa a cikin ƙasata, kamar motocin lantarki a filin sufuri da ke maye gurbin motocin mai, da dumama wutar lantarki a filin gini mai maye gurbin dumama tukunyar jirgi na gargajiya. .Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai wasu masana'antu da ke da wuyar samun raguwar carbon ta hanyar lantarki kai tsaye. Masana'antu mafi wahala sun hada da karfe, sinadarai, sufurin hanya, jigilar kaya da sufurin jiragen sama.Energyarfin hydrogen yana da kaddarorin biyu na makamashin makamashi da albarkatun masana'antu, kuma yana iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin fagagen da aka ambata a sama waɗanda ke da wahalar yankewa.
Daga mahangar aminci da inganci, na farko, makamashin hydrogen zai iya haɓaka haɓakar kaso mafi girma na makamashin da ake sabuntawa da kuma rage dogaro da ƙasata ta hanyar shigo da mai da iskar gas yadda ya kamata; Ma'auni na yanki na samar da makamashi da amfani a cikin ƙasata; Bugu da kari, tare da rage farashin wutar lantarki na makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa, za a inganta tattalin arzikin koren wutar lantarki da makamashin hydrogen, kuma jama'a za su samu karbuwa da amfani da su; makamashin hydrogen da wutar lantarki, a matsayin cibiyoyin makamashi, sun fi sauƙi a haɗa hanyoyin makamashi daban-daban kamar makamashin zafi, makamashin sanyi, man fetur, da dai sauransu, don haɗa haɗin gwiwar cibiyar sadarwa ta makamashi ta zamani mai haɗin gwiwa, samar da tsarin samar da makamashi mai juriya sosai, kuma inganta inganci, tattalin arziki da tsaro na tsarin samar da makamashi.
Ci gaban masana'antar makamashin hydrogen na kasata har yanzu yana fuskantar kalubale
Samar da iskar hydrogen mai rahusa da ƙarancin hayaƙi na ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar masana'antar makamashin hydrogen.A karkashin yanayin rashin ƙara sabon iskar carbon, warware matsalar tushen hydrogen shine jigon ci gaban masana'antar makamashin hydrogen.Samar da makamashin burbushin hydrogen da samar da hydrogen ta hanyar masana'antu sun balaga kuma suna da tsada, kuma za su kasance babban tushen hydrogen cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.Duk da haka, ajiyar makamashin burbushin halittu yana da iyaka, kuma har yanzu akwai matsalar fitar da iskar carbon a tsarin samar da hydrogen; samar da masana'antu ta hanyar samar da hydrogen samar da iskar gas yana da iyakancewa kuma nisan isar da isar da iskar gas gajere ne.
A cikin dogon lokaci, samar da hydrogen daga electrolysis na ruwa yana da sauƙi a haɗa tare da makamashi mai sabuntawa, yana da mafi girman ƙarfin aiki, yana da tsabta kuma mafi dorewa, kuma shine mafi kyawun hanyar samar da hydrogen.A halin yanzu, fasahar alkaline electrolysis na kasata tana kusa da matakin kasa da kasa kuma ita ce babbar fasahar da ake amfani da ita a fannin sarrafa wutar lantarki ta kasuwanci, amma akwai iyakataccen wurin rage farashi a nan gaba.Proton musanya membrane electrolysis na ruwa don samar da hydrogen yana da tsada a halin yanzu, kuma matakin gano mahimman na'urori yana karuwa kowace shekara.M oxide electrolysis yana kusa da kasuwancin duniya, amma har yanzu yana cikin matakin kamawa a cikin gida.
Tsarin samar da sarkar samar da makamashin makamashin hydrogen na kasata bai cika ba tukuna, kuma har yanzu akwai gibi tsakanin manyan aikace-aikacen kasuwanci.An gina fiye da tashoshi 200 na hydrogenation a cikin ƙasata, yawancin su tashoshin hydrogenation na 35MPa, da kuma 70MPa babban matsi na iskar iskar gas mai girma tare da babban adadin ma'auni.Rashin gwaninta a cikin gini da aiki na tashoshin samar da iskar hydrogen ruwa da hadadden samar da hydrogen da tashoshin hydrogenation.A halin yanzu, sufurin hydrogen ya dogara ne akan jigilar iskar gas mai dogon bututun tirela, kuma sufurin bututun yana da rauni.A halin yanzu, nisan tafiyar bututun hydrogen ya kai kimanin kilomita 400, kuma bututun da ake amfani da su sun kai kusan kilomita 100 kacal.Har ila yau, sufurin bututun na fuskantar yuwuwar tabarbarewar iskar hydrogen da iskar hydrogen ke haifarwa. A nan gaba, har yanzu ya zama dole don ƙara inganta sinadarai da kayan aikin injiniya na kayan bututun.An sami gagarumin ci gaba a fasahar ajiyar ruwa ta ruwa da fasahar adana hydrogen hydride na karfe, amma ba a warware ma'auni tsakanin yawan ajiyar hydrogen, aminci da farashi ba, kuma har yanzu akwai wani tazara tsakanin manyan aikace-aikacen kasuwanci.
Tsarin manufofi na musamman da sassa da yawa da daidaitawa da tsarin haɗin gwiwa ba su cika ba tukuna.Shirin "Matsakaici da Tsare-Tsaren Tsare-Tsaren Haɓaka Masana'antar Makamashi ta Hydrogen (2021-2035)" shine shirin haɓaka makamashi na farko na hydrogen a matakin ƙasa, amma har yanzu shirin na musamman da tsarin manufofin yana buƙatar ingantawa. A nan gaba, ya zama dole a kara fayyace alkibla, manufa da fifikon ci gaban masana'antu.Sarkar masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen ta ƙunshi fasahohi iri-iri da filayen masana'antu. A halin yanzu, har yanzu akwai matsaloli kamar rashin isassun haɗin kai tsakanin ladabtarwa da rashin isassun hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar sassan sassan.Misali, gina tashoshi na iskar hydrogen na bukatar hadin kan bangarori da dama kamar jari, fasaha, ababen more rayuwa, da sarrafa sinadarai masu hadari. A halin yanzu, akwai matsaloli irin su hukumomin da ba su da tabbas, da wuya a amince da su, da kuma kadarorin hydrogen har yanzu suna da haɗari kawai, waɗanda ke haifar da babbar barazana ga ci gaban masana'antar. manyan ƙuntatawa.
Mun yi imanin cewa fasaha, dandamali da basira sune abubuwan haɓaka don tallafawa ci gaban masana'antar makamashin hydrogen ta ƙasata.
Da farko, ya zama dole a ci gaba da haɓaka matakin mahimman fasahar fasaha.Ƙirƙirar fasaha shine jigon ci gaban masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen.A nan gaba, ƙasata za ta ci gaba da haɓaka bincike da haɓaka manyan fasahohin fasaha a cikin samarwa, ajiya, sufuri da aikace-aikacen makamashin hydrogen na kore da ƙarancin carbon.Haɓaka haɓaka fasahar fasaha ta proton musayar sel mai mai, haɓaka mahimman kayan aiki, haɓaka manyan alamun aiki da ƙarfin samar da taro, da ci gaba da haɓaka dogaro, kwanciyar hankali da dorewa na ƙwayoyin mai.Za a yi ƙoƙari don haɓaka R&D da kera abubuwan da suka dace da kayan aiki masu mahimmanci.Haɓaka haɓaka ingantaccen canjin samar da hydrogen na makamashi mai sabuntawa da sikelin samar da hydrogen ta na'ura ɗaya, da yin nasara a cikin mahimman mahimman fasahohi a cikin hanyar haɗin ginin makamashin hydrogen.Ci gaba da gudanar da bincike kan ainihin dokokin amincin makamashin hydrogen.Ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar makamashin hydrogen na ci gaba, kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, aikace-aikacen nuni da masana'antu na manyan kayayyaki, da gina ingantaccen tsarin fasahar haɓakawa ga masana'antar makamashin hydrogen.
Na biyu, dole ne mu mai da hankali kan gina dandalin tallafawa sabbin masana'antu.Ci gaban masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen yana buƙatar mayar da hankali kan mahimman wurare da mahimman hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, da gina dandamali mai haɓaka da haɓaka haɓaka.Taimakawa jami'o'i, cibiyoyin bincike, da masana'antu don hanzarta gina manyan dakunan gwaje-gwaje da dandamalin bincike na giciye, da gudanar da bincike na asali kan aikace-aikacen makamashin hydrogen da binciken fasahar fasaha.A farkon shekarar 2022, hukumar raya kasa da yin gyare-gyare ta kasa da ma'aikatar ilimi sun ba da "yarda da rahoton nazarce-nazarce kan masana'antar fasahar adana makamashi ta kasa da aikin samar da fasahohin fasahar kere-kere na jami'ar wutar lantarki ta Arewacin kasar Sin, dake arewacin kasar Sin" Jami'ar Wutar Lantarki ta Ƙasashen Fasahar Ajiye Makamashi na Makamashi-Ilimi Haɗin kai Innovation Platform Project An amince da shi bisa hukuma kuma ya zama rukuni na farko na kwalejoji da jami'o'i don zama "masu jagoranci".Bayan haka, an kafa Cibiyar Ƙirƙirar Fasaha ta Fasaha ta Jami'ar Wutar Lantarki ta Arewacin China.Dandalin kirkire-kirkire da cibiyar kirkire-kirkire suna mayar da hankali kan bincike na fasaha a fannonin adana makamashin lantarki, makamashin hydrogen da fasahar aikace-aikacen sa a cikin grid na wutar lantarki, da kuma inganta ci gaban masana'antar makamashin hydrogen ta kasa.
Na uku, wajibi ne a inganta ginin ƙungiyar kwararrun makamashin hydrogen.Matsayin fasaha da sikelin masana'antar makamashin hydrogen sun ci gaba da yin nasara. Duk da haka, masana'antar makamashi ta hydrogen na fuskantar babban gibi a cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu fasaha, musamman ma ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwarewa.A 'yan kwanakin da suka gabata, an shigar da babbar manhajar "Hydrogen Energy Science and Engineering" da Jami'ar Wutar Lantarki ta Arewacin kasar Sin ta bayyana a hukumance a cikin jerin manyan kwalejoji da jami'o'i na yau da kullun, kuma an shigar da horon "Kimiyyar Makamashi da Injiniya". sabon batun tsaka-tsaki.Wannan horon zai ɗauki injiniyan wutar lantarki, thermophysics injiniyan injiniya, injiniyan sinadarai da sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan haɓaka nau'ikan haɓaka hydrogen da adanawa da sufuri, amincin hydrogen, ikon hydrogen da sauran kwasa-kwasan makamashin hydrogen, da aiwatar da tsarin koyarwa daban-daban. amfani da bincike. Zai samar da ingantacciyar goyon bayan hazaka don tabbatar da amintaccen sauyin tsarin makamashi na kasata, da kuma bunkasa masana'antar makamashin hydrogen da masana'antar makamashi ta kasata.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-16-2022