Motar mai ƙarfi tana nufin motar da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin mitar wutar lantarki na 50Hz da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na 3kV, 6kV da 10kV AC na lantarki mai hawa uku.Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na rarrabuwa don manyan injinan lantarki, waɗanda aka raba zuwa nau'ikan guda huɗu: ƙanana, matsakaici, babba da ƙari gwargwadon ƙarfinsu; an raba su zuwa motocin A, E, B, F, H, da kuma C-class bisa ga makin insulation; Janar-manufa high-voltage motors da high-voltage motors tare da musamman tsari da kuma amfani.
Motar da za a ƙaddamar da ita a cikin wannan labarin babban maƙasudi ne na babban ƙarfin wutan lantarki squirrel-cage mai hawa uku asynchronous motor.
Babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki squirrel-cage mai hawa uku asynchronous motor, kamar sauran injina, yana dogara ne akan shigar da wutar lantarki. A karkashin aikin babban filin lantarki da kuma cikakken aikin yanayin fasaha na kansa, yanayin waje da yanayin aiki, motar za ta samar da wutar lantarki a cikin wani lokacin aiki. Daban-daban na lantarki da na inji.
1 Rarraba kurakuran motoci masu ƙarfin lantarki Injin shuka a cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki, irin su fanfunan ruwa na ciyarwa, fanfunan zagayawa, famfunan daɗaɗɗen ruwa, famfo mai ɗagawa, jawo daftarin fanfo, masu busawa, masu fitar da foda, injinan kwal, injin murƙushe kwal, fanfo na farko, da famfunan turmi, duk injinan lantarki ne ke tafiyar da su. . fi'ili: motsi.Wadannan injunan suna daina aiki cikin kankanin lokaci, wanda hakan ya isa ya haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki, ko ma rufewa, kuma hakan na iya haifar da munanan hadurra.Don haka, idan wani hatsari ko wani abu mara kyau ya faru a cikin aikin motar, mai aiki ya kamata ya hanzarta tantance yanayi da kuma musabbabin gazawar bisa ga abin da ya faru na hadarin, ya dauki kwararan matakai, tare da magance shi cikin lokaci don hana hadarin. daga fadadawa (kamar raguwar fitar da wutar lantarki, samar da wutar lantarki na duk injin tururi). Naúrar ta daina gudu, manyan lalacewar kayan aiki), yana haifar da asarar tattalin arziki mara ƙima. A lokacin aikin motar, saboda rashin kulawa da amfani da shi, kamar farawa akai-akai, daɗaɗɗen nauyi na dogon lokaci, damp ɗin mota, ƙumburi na inji, da sauransu, motar na iya yin kasawa. Za a iya raba kurakuran injinan lantarki gabaɗaya zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa: ① Lalacewar rufin da ke haifar da dalilai na inji, kamar lalacewa ko ɗaukar baƙin ƙarfe narke, ƙura mai ƙura, girgiza mai ƙarfi, da lalata da lalacewa ta hanyar lubricating mai faɗowa akan stator winding, Don haka da cewa rugujewar rufi yana haifar da gazawa; ② rushewar rufin da ya haifar da rashin isasshen ƙarfin lantarki na rufin.Irin su ɗan gajeren kewayawa na motsi-zuwa-lokaci, gajeriyar kewayawa ta tsaka-tsaki, juzu'i ɗaya da harsashi gajeriyar kewayawa, da sauransu; ③ Laifin iska wanda ya haifar da wuce gona da iri.Misali, rashin aikin injin, da yawan farawa da farawa da kansa, da wuce gona da iri da injin ke ja, lalacewar injin da injin ya jawo ko na’urar na’ura ta makale da dai sauransu. gazawar iskar motar. 2 Babban wutan lantarki stator laifi Manyan injunan taimako na tashar wutar lantarki duk suna sanye da manyan injina masu ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki mai nauyin 6kV. Saboda yanayin aiki mara kyau na injinan, motsin motsi akai-akai, zubar ruwa na famfunan ruwa, zubar da tururi da dampness da aka sanya a ƙasa da mitoci mara kyau, da sauransu, yana da babbar barazana. Amintaccen aiki na manyan motocin lantarki.Haɗe tare da rashin ingancin masana'antar motoci, matsalolin aiki da kulawa, da rashin kulawa, hatsarori masu ƙarfin lantarki suna da yawa, waɗanda ke yin tasiri sosai ga fitarwa na janareta da amintaccen aikin grid na wutar lantarki.Misali, muddin gefe daya na gubar da na'urar busar da ta kasa aiki, aikin janareta zai ragu da kashi 50%. 2.1 Laifin gama gari sune kamar haka ①Saboda farawa da tsayawa akai-akai, dogon lokacin farawa, da farawa tare da kaya, tsufa na insulation stator yana haɓaka, yana haifar da lalacewar lalacewa a lokacin farawa ko lokacin aiki, kuma motar ta ƙone; ②Ingantacciyar motar ba ta da kyau, kuma wayar haɗin kai a ƙarshen iskar stator ba ta da kyau sosai. Ƙarfin injin bai isa ba, madaidaicin ramin stator yana kwance, kuma rufin yana da rauni.Musamman a waje da ƙima, bayan an maimaita farawa, haɗin ya karye, kuma rufin da ke ƙarshen iska ya faɗi, wanda ya haifar da ɗan gajeren da'irar lalacewar motar ko wani ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa ƙasa, kuma motar ta ƙone; Rikicin ya kama wuta tare da lalata motar.Dalili kuwa shi ne, ƙayyadaddun wayan gubar ba su da ƙarfi, ingancin ba su da kyau, lokacin gudu yana da tsayi, adadin farawa da tsayawa yana da yawa, ƙarfen yana da tsufa da injina, juriyar lamba yana da girma, insulation ya zama mai karye, kuma zafi yana haifar da ƙonewa.Yawancin haɗin kebul ɗin yana haifar da rashin aiki na ma'aikatan kulawa da rashin kulawa yayin aikin gyarawa, yana haifar da lalacewar injiniya, wanda ke tasowa zuwa gazawar mota; ④ Lalacewar injina ta sa motar ta yi lodi fiye da kima kuma tana konewa, kuma lalacewar abin hawa yana sa injin ya share ɗakin, yana haifar da ƙonewa; Rashin ingancin kulawa da rashin gyare-gyare na kayan aikin lantarki yana haifar da rufewar matakai uku a lokuta daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da aiki mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa da kuma ƙone motar; ⑥ Motar tana cikin yanayi mai ƙura, kuma ƙura ta shiga tsakanin stator da rotor na motar. Abun da ke shigowa yana haifar da ƙarancin zafi da rashin ƙarfi, wanda ke haifar da zafin jiki ya tashi kuma ya ƙone motar; ⑦ Motar tana da yanayin shigar ruwa da tururi, wanda ke haifar da faɗuwar rufin, yana haifar da fashewar ɗan gajeren lokaci da kona motar.Mafi yawan dalili shi ne, ma’aikacin ba ya kula da wanke kasa, wanda hakan ya sa motar ta shiga cikin motar ko kuma na’urar ta zube sannan kuma ba a gano yabo da tururi a kan lokaci, wanda hakan kan sa motar ta kone; Lalacewar Motoci saboda yawan wuce gona da iri; ⑨ gazawar da'ira mai kula da motoci, rushewar zafi mai zafi na abubuwan da aka gyara, halaye marasa ƙarfi, cirewa, asarar wutar lantarki a cikin jerin, da sauransu;Musamman ma, ba a shigar da sifili-jerin kariyar ƙarancin wutar lantarki ba ko maye gurbinsu da sabon injin mai ƙarfi, kuma ba a canza saitin kariyar a cikin lokaci ba, yana haifar da babban injin tare da ƙaramin saiti, kuma farawa da yawa. rashin nasara; 11Maɓallai da igiyoyi da ke da'irar farko na motar sun karye kuma lokaci ya ɓace Ko kuma ƙasa yana haifar da ƙonewa; 12 rauni motor stator da na'ura mai juyi juyi iyaka lokacin da aka daidaita daidai da daidai ba, yana sa motar ta ƙone ko ta kasa isa ga saurin da aka ƙididdigewa; 13 harsashin motar ba ta da ƙarfi, ƙasa ba ta ɗaure da kyau ba, haifar da girgizawa da girgiza Wucewa mizani zai lalata motar. A cikin tsarin kera motoci, ƙananan ɗimbin ƙwanƙwasa masu gubar na'ura na stator (ɓangarorin) suna da lahani mai tsanani, irin su tsagewa, tsagewa da sauran abubuwan ciki, kuma saboda yanayin aiki daban-daban yayin aikin motar, (nauyi mai nauyi da fara juyawa akai-akai. injina, da sauransu) kawai yana kunna kuskuren gaggawa. tasirin da ke faruwa.A wannan lokacin, ƙarfin lantarki yana da girma sosai, wanda ke haifar da girgiza mai ƙarfi na layin haɗin tsakanin igiya na stator da lokacin sandar sandar, kuma yana haɓaka faɗaɗa sannu a hankali na raguwa ko tsagewa a ƙarshen gubar stator coil.Sakamakon haka shi ne cewa yawan abin da ba a karye a halin yanzu ba a lahani na juyi ya kai matsayi mai girma, kuma wayar tagulla a wannan wuri tana da raguwa mai tsanani saboda tashin zafi, wanda ya haifar da ƙonewa da kisa.Wani rauni da wata waya ta jan karfe guda daya ta yi, idan daya daga cikinsu ya karye, dayan kuma yawanci ba shi da kyau, don haka ana iya farawa, amma kowanne daga baya ya fara karya. , Dukansu biyu na iya walƙiya suna ƙone wata waya ta jan ƙarfe da ke kusa da ita wacce ta ƙaru da yawa a halin yanzu. Ana ba da shawarar cewa masana'anta su ƙarfafa tsarin sarrafa tsari, kamar tsarin jujjuyawar iska, tsarin tsaftacewa da yashi na tip ɗin gubar na coil, tsarin ɗaure bayan an haɗa na'urar, haɗin na'urar a tsaye, da kuma lankwasawa da tip gubar a gaban waldi shugaban (lebur lankwasawa sa lankwasawa) gama tsari, yana da kyau a yi amfani da azurfa welded gidajen abinci ga high-voltage Motors sama da matsakaici size.A kan wurin aiki, sabbin na'urori masu ƙarfin wutan lantarki waɗanda aka shigar da su za a yi su don tsayayya da gwajin ƙarfin lantarki da ma'aunin juriya kai tsaye ta amfani da damar na yau da kullun na gyare-gyare na sashin.Ƙunƙarar da ke ƙarshen stator ba a ɗaure tam ba, tubalan katako suna kwance, kuma an sanya suturar, wanda zai haifar da lalacewa da gajeren lokaci na motsi na motar, kuma ya ƙone motar.Yawancin waɗannan kurakuran suna faruwa a ƙarshen jagora. Babban dalili shi ne, sandar waya ba ta da kyau, layin ƙarshe ba daidai ba ne, kuma akwai ƙananan zoben dauri na ƙarshe, kuma nada da zoben daurin ba a haɗa su sosai ba, kuma tsarin kulawa ba shi da kyau. Pads sau da yawa suna faɗuwa yayin aiki.Sako da rami matsala matsala ce ta gama gari a cikin injina daban-daban, galibi ana haifar da shi ta rashin kyawun siffa mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin tsari da tsarin nada a cikin ramin. Takaitacciyar kewayawa zuwa ƙasa yana haifar da murɗa da ƙarfen ƙarfe don ƙonewa. 3 Babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na injin rotor gazawar Laifi na yau da kullun na manyan injin keji na nau'in asynchronous sune: ①Kwararren rotor squirrel cage yana kwance, karye da walda; ② Ana jefa ma'auni na ma'auni da gyare-gyarensa yayin aiki, wanda zai lalata kullun a ƙarshen stator; ③A na'ura mai juyi core sako-sako da a lokacin aiki, da kuma nakasawa, Rashin daidaituwa yana haifar da sharewa da girgiza.Mafi tsanani daga cikin su shine matsalar karyewar sandunan kejin squirrel, daya daga cikin matsalolin da aka dade ana fama da su a masana'antar wutar lantarki. A cikin shuke-shuken wutar lantarki, kejin farawa (wanda kuma aka sani da kejin waje) na babban kejin squirrel-cage induction injin farawa keji (wanda kuma aka sani da kejin waje) ya karye ko ma ya karye, don haka yana lalata gadar da ke tsaye. mota, wanda har yanzu shine mafi yawan laifin har yanzu.Daga aikin samarwa, mun fahimci cewa matakin farko na rushewa ko karaya shine lamarin wuta a farkon farawa, kuma lamination na tsakiyar buɗaɗɗen rotor a gefen ɓarna ko karyewar ƙarshen yana narkewa kuma a hankali yana faɗaɗa, ƙarshe daga ƙarshe. haifar da karaya ko rushewa. An jefar da sandar tagulla a wani bangare, tana tarkar da simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe da murfin murɗa (ko ma karya ƙaramin igiya), yana haifar da mummunar lahani ga madaidaicin sandar motar kuma yana iya haifar da babban haɗari.A cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki, ƙwallayen ƙarfe da kwal suna tattarawa tare don samar da babban lokaci mai tsayi yayin rufewa, kuma famfunan ciyarwa suna farawa ƙarƙashin kaya saboda ƙofofin fitar da lax, da jawo daftarin magoya baya suna farawa a baya saboda lallausan baffles.Sabili da haka, waɗannan motocin dole ne su shawo kan babban juriya lokacin farawa. Akwai matsalolin tsari a cikin farkon kejin na cikin gida masu matsakaicin girma da sama da manyan ƙarfin lantarki biyu na squirrel-cage induction induction.Gabaɗaya: ① ana goyan bayan zoben ƙarshen gajeriyar kewayawa akan duk sandunan keji na tagulla na waje, kuma nisa daga tushen rotor yana da girma, kuma kewayen ciki na ƙarshen zobe ba ta da hankali tare da tushen rotor; ② ramukan da zoben ƙarshen gajeren zangon ya ratsa ta sandunan jan karfe galibi suna madaidaiciya-ta ramuka ① Ana haɗa sandunan jan ƙarfe ta hanyar walƙiya mai walƙiya akan kewayen waje na zoben ƙarshen gajere. Motar mai fitar da foda a cikin Fengzhen Power Plant babban injin kejin squirrel ne mai ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki. Sandunan tagulla na kejin farawa duk an haɗa su zuwa kewayen waje na zoben ƙarshen kewayawa.Ingantacciyar walda ta sama ba ta da kyau, kuma tarwatsewa ko karyewa sau da yawa yana faruwa, yana haifar da lalacewa ga na'urar stator.② Siffar ramin ƙarshen ramin da'ira: nau'in rami na ƙarshen zobe na gajere na gida mai ƙarfin wutan lantarki biyu na squirrel-cage a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi a fagen samarwa, gabaɗaya yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan guda huɗu: madaidaiciya nau'in rami, Semi Semi. - nau'in rami madaidaiciya, nau'in rami na kifi, nau'in rami mai zurfi, nau'in nau'in rami mai zurfi, musamman nau'in ramuka mafi yawa.Sabuwar zoben ƙarshen gajeren zangon da aka maye gurbinsa akan wurin samarwa yawanci yana ɗaukar nau'i biyu: nau'in ramin idon kifi da nau'in rami mai zurfi. Lokacin da tsayin mai sarrafa jan ƙarfe ya dace, sararin samaniya don cika solder ba shi da girma, kuma ba a yi amfani da mai siyar da azurfa da yawa ba, kuma ingancin siyarwar yana da girma. Sauƙi don garanti.③ Welding, desoldering da breaking na jan karfe mashaya da short-circuit zobe: The gazawar lokuta na de-soldering da karaya na farawa keji jan bar ci karo a duk fiye da ɗari high-voltage Motors a lamba su ne m gajere-circuit. zoben karshen. Idon ido suna kai tsaye-ta hanyar gashin ido.Direbobin ya ratsa ta gefen waje na zoben gajeriyar zagayawa, kuma iyakar tagulla shima ya narke, kuma ingancin walda gabaɗaya yana da kyau.Jagorar jan ƙarfe yana shiga kusan rabin zoben ƙarshen. Saboda yanayin zafin na'urar da mai siyar ya yi yawa kuma lokacin waldawar ya yi tsayi, wani ɓangare na solder ɗin yana ɓullo da shi yana taruwa ta ratar da ke tsakanin saman saman madubin jan ƙarfe da ramin zoben ƙarshen, da kuma jan ƙarfe. madugu yana saurin karyewa.④ Sauƙi don nemo haɗin haɗin gwal na ingancin walda: Don manyan injina masu ƙarfi waɗanda galibi suna haskakawa yayin farawa ko aiki, gabaɗaya magana, madaidaicin cajin jan ƙarfe na farawa suna lalacewa ko karye, kuma yana da sauƙi a nemo madubin jan ƙarfe waɗanda aka lalatar ko karye. .Yana da matukar muhimmanci ga babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki biyu squirrel cage motor a cikin na farko da na biyu overhaul bayan da sabon shigarwa da kuma a cikin aiki don cikakken duba tagulla conductors na farawa keji.Yayin aikin sake siyar, ya kamata a biya hankali ga maye gurbin duk masu jagorancin keji na farawa. Kamata ya yi a yi ta walda shi daidai gwargwado, kuma kada a yi masa walda a jere daga hanya guda, don guje wa karkatar da zoben ƙarshen kewayawa.Bugu da kari, lokacin da ake yin gyaran walda a tsakanin gefen ciki na zoben ƙarshen gajeriyar kewayawa da tagulla na jan karfe, ya kamata a hana wurin waldawar ya zama mai siffar zobe. 3.3 Binciken karye keji na rotor ① Da yawa daga cikin injina na manyan injunan taimako na tashar wutar lantarki sun karye sandunan keji. Duk da haka, yawancin injinan da ke da fashe-fashe su ne waɗanda ke da nauyin farawa mai nauyi, tsawon lokacin farawa da farawa akai-akai, kamar injinan kwal da masu busa. 2. Motar da aka jawo fan fan; 2. Sabon da aka saka a cikin motar gabaɗaya baya karya kejin nan da nan, kuma zai ɗauki watanni da yawa ko shekaru yana aiki kafin kejin ya karye; 3. A halin yanzu, sandunan keji da aka saba amfani da su sune rectangular ko trapezoidal a cikin sashin giciye. Rotors masu zurfin rami da madauwari biyu na rotors sun karye keji, kuma fashe-fashe na rotors biyu suna iyakance ga sandunan keji na waje; ④ Tsarin haɗin haɗin ginshiƙan motar motar da ƙananan zobba tare da fashe cages shima daban-daban. , Motoci na masana'anta da jerin suna wani lokacin daban; akwai dakaru da aka dakatar da zobe na gajeren zangon kawai yana goyan bayan ƙarshen shingen keji, kuma akwai kuma tsarin da aka sanya zobe na gajeren lokaci kai tsaye a kan nauyin rotor core.Don rotors tare da fashe cages, tsawon sandunan kejin da ke fitowa daga tsakiyar ƙarfe zuwa zoben gajeriyar kewayawa (ƙarshen tsawa) ya bambanta. Gabaɗaya, ƙarshen ƙarshen sandunan keji na waje mai jujjuya keji yana da tsayin 50mm ~ 60mm; Tsawon ƙarshen tsawo shine game da 20mm ~ 30mm; ⑤ Yawancin sassan da ɓarna bar keji ke faruwa suna waje da haɗin kai tsakanin ƙarshen tsawo da gajeren kewayawa (ƙarshen waldawar keji).A da, lokacin da aka yi wa injin Fengzhen Power Plant ɗin gyaran fuska, an yi amfani da rabi biyu na tsohuwar ma'aunin keji don yin tsaga, amma saboda rashin ingancin na'urar, sai na'urar ta fashe a cikin aikin da ya biyo baya, kuma karyewar ya bayyana. fita daga cikin tsagi.Wasu sandunan keji na asali suna da lahani na gida irin su pores, ramukan yashi, da fatu, kuma karaya kuma za su faru a cikin ramukan; ⑥ Babu wani gagarumin nakasu lokacin da aka karye sandunan keji, kuma babu abin wuya lokacin da aka cire kayan filastik, kuma ɓangarorin sun dace sosai. M, karaya ce ta gajiya.Har ila yau, akwai yawan walda a wurin walda a tsakanin ma'aunin keji da zoben gajeren zango, wanda ke da nasaba da ingancin walda. Koyaya, kamar karyewar yanayin shingen keji, tushen ƙarfin waje don lalacewar su biyu iri ɗaya ne; ⑦ Don motocin da ke da fashe cages, sandunan keji suna cikin Ramin rotor suna da ɗan sako-sako, kuma tsoffin sandunan kejin da aka gyara kuma aka maye gurbinsu suna da ramuka waɗanda ke karkata ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙarfe na silicon karfe na bangon ƙarfe na ƙarfe, wanda yana nufin cewa sandunan keji suna motsi a cikin tsagi; ⑧ Sandunan kejin da aka karye ba na dogon lokaci, ana iya ganin tartsatsin wuta daga tashar iska ta iska da tazarar iska na stator da rotor yayin farawa. Lokacin farawa na motar tare da sandunan keji da yawa sun karye a fili yana tsawaitawa, kuma akwai amo a fili.Lokacin da aka tattara karaya a wani yanki na kewaye, girgizar motar za ta ƙara ƙaruwa, wani lokaci yana haifar da lalacewa ga motsin motar da sharewa. Babban abubuwan da ke bayyana su ne: lalacewa ta hanyar mota, cunkoso na inji, asarar lokacin sauya wutar lantarki, mai haɗa wutar lantarki da ƙonawa da asarar lokaci, zubar da ruwa mai sanyaya, shigar da iska mai sanyaya iska da tashar iska da aka toshe ta hanyar tara ƙura da sauran dalilai na ƙonewar mota. Bayan binciken da aka yi a sama game da kurakuran da yanayin su na injin mai ƙarfin lantarki, da kuma ƙarin bayani game da matakan da aka ɗauka a wurin, an tabbatar da aminci da kwanciyar hankali na aikin injin mai ƙarfin lantarki yadda ya kamata, da amincin amincin. an inganta wutar lantarki.Koyaya, saboda ƙarancin masana'antu da tsarin kulawa, haɗe tare da tasirin ɗigon ruwa, ɗigon tururi, danshi, sarrafa aikin da bai dace ba da sauran abubuwan yayin aiki, abubuwa daban-daban na aiki mara kyau da gazawa mai tsanani zasu faru.Saboda haka, kawai ta hanyar ƙarfafa m iko na tabbatarwa ingancin high-ƙarfin lantarki Motors da kuma ƙarfafa duk-zagaye aiki management na motor, sabõda haka, da mota iya isa wani lafiya aiki jihar, iya da aminci, barga da kuma tattalin arziki aiki na mota. a tabbatar da kamfanin wutar lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-28-2022 